How to Stop Windows from Freezing: Easy Troubleshooting Guide

Does your Windows PC keep freezing or locking up? Whether your computer is frozen right now, hangs at startup or shutdown, or freezes at random, there are easy ways to narrow down the cause and fix the problem permanently. This wikiHow article will cover several simple troubleshooting tricks that are sure to help you resolve issues with freezing and hanging on Windows 10, 11, and 8.1.

Things You Should Know

  • If a particular app has locked up Windows, press Ctrl + Shift + Esc to open Task Manager, select the app, and then click End Task.
  • Malware and viruses can cause your PC to freeze, so make sure to run a full or offline scan with Windows Defender.
  • You can check your RAM, scan your hard drive(s) for errors, and repair corrupted system files using simple built-in tools.
  • Windows Update can check for and install updated drivers that may resolve issues. But if an update caused your PC to freeze, you can always roll it back.
Section 1 of 14:

If Your PC is Frozen Right Now

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    1
    Wait a few moments for your system to catch up. If your PC hangs while doing something processor- or RAM-intensive, it might unfreeze on its own if you give it some time. Instead of clicking around or trying to close programs, try waiting to see if the problem resolves on its own.
    • If the screen went black when your computer froze, try pressing Windows key + Ctrl + Shift + B to reset your video card drivers.[1]
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    2
    End hung tasks in the Task Manger. If your PC won't unfreeze on its own, press Control + Shift + Esc at the same time to display all open apps in Task Manager.
    • If you can't open Task Manager this way, try pressing Ctrl + Alt + Del and then clicking Task Manager. You can also right-click the Start menu and select Task Manager.
    • Once Task Manager opens, look for the app using the most CPU, Memory, Disk, or GPU resources.
    • To stop the problem app, click its name and select End Task. It may take a few moments for the app to close.
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    Restart your PC. If your PC is still unresponsive and/or you can't open the Task Manager, there's not much else you can do until you restart your PC. Press and hold the Power button on your laptop or desktop computer until the screen turns off, then press the Power button again to turn it back on.
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Section 2 of 14:

Disconnect Devices at Startup & Shutdown

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    Start and shut down your PC without any devices or peripherals plugged in. If your PC hangs when booting into Windows, when shutting down, or while restarting, a connected device might be interfering with the startup process.[2] Unplug any USB flash drives, phones, printers, and other devices before starting up or shutting down your PC to prevent these system hangs.
Section 3 of 14:

Run a Malware & Virus Scan

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    Open the Windows Security panel. If Windows keeps freezing, it's a good idea to check for a malware or virus infection. This is super easy to do with Windows Defender, which comes preinstalled on your PC. To open Windows Security:
    • Press Windows key + S and type security.
    • Click Windows Security.
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    Click Virus & Threat Protection. This is the tile with a blue shield. Information about your last virus scan will appear.
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    Click Scan options. While you could click Quick Scan to quickly detect obvious threats, this option won't check all the files on your PC.
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    Select a scan type. Choose from one of these two scan types:
    • Full scan: This does a deep scan of all files on your PC and can take up to an hour.
    • Microsoft Defender Antivirus (offline scan): This scan reboots your PC into safe mode without internet support to remove more difficult malware. The scan shouldn't take more than 15 minutes.
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    Click Scan now and follow the on-screen instructions. If you chose the offline scan, your PC will reboot before the scan begins. Once the scan is complete, follow the on-screen instructions to quarantine and remove any detected threats.
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Section 4 of 14:

Check for Software and Driver Updates

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    Open the Windows Update panel. If there's a problem with a driver or your PC's firmware, there may be an update available that resolves the issue. Driver and firmware updates are typically bundled with Windows Updates, but you can also check for updates on your PC manufacturer's website. To get started:
    • Click the Windows Start menu and select Settings.
    • For Windows 10, click Update & Security > Windows Update. On Windows 11, just click Windows Update.
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    Click Check for updates. This checks for any recent updates to Windows, supported software, drivers, and firmware.
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    Install all updates. If updates are available, follow the on-screen instructions to install. Depending on the updates installed, you may have to reboot your PC for the update to take effect. If prompted, click Restart now to reboot.
    • Sometimes BIOS/UEFI updates, third-party hardware, and other manufacturer updates won't be available through Windows Update. You can check your manufacturer's support website to find out if any updates are available directly through them.
    • If a BIOS update is available, make sure your PC is plugged in to a reliable power source before flashing the BIOS. Otherwise, if your PC loses power during the update, you could render your computer unbootable.
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Section 5 of 14:

Try a Simplified Startup

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    Open the System Configuration panel. If a certain app that launches automatically is causing your system to freeze, you can disable it in your startup options. But first, try running Windows with a Selective Startup so you can see if your PC continues to freeze without your startup items. To open System Configuration:
    • Press Windows key + S.
    • Type msconfig and press Enter.
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    Click the General tab. This displays three options for starting your PC.
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    Select Selective startup. It's the third option.
  4. Image titled Fix a Windows Computer that Hangs or Freezes Step 16
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    Remove the checkmark from "Load startup items." Leave the other items checked.
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    5
    Click OK and restart your PC. When your PC reboots, see if you can recreate the problem that cause Windows to hang or freeze. If Windows no longer freezes, the issue is likely being caused by one of the apps set to launch automatically.
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    6
    Open your Startup Apps. Now you can choose which apps will start automatically and which you'll have to start manually.
    • Press Windows key + S and type startup apps.
    • Click Startup Apps in the search results.[3]
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    Toggle off any apps that you don't need to launch automatically. Not only can a rogue startup app cause your PC to freeze, it can also make Windows run more slowly. Toggle off any apps you don't want to launch automatically each time you boot up your PC.
    • You can always launch these apps from the Start menu as needed even if they don't start automatically.
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    Re-open System Configuration. This is the tool you used before. Just press Windows key + S, type msconfig, then press Enter.
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    Check the box next to "Load startup items." You'll want to leave "Selective startup" checked as well.
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    Click OK to save your changes. Now when you reboot your PC, Windows will start with only the applications you allowed to launch automatically.
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Section 6 of 14:

Scan the File System

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    Press Control + X on the keyboard. This opens the Power User menu, where you'll find a quick link to run the command prompt or Windows PowerShell as an administrator. You can use this tool to scan for and repair correct Windows system files, which can help fix issues with freezing and hanging.
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    2
    Click Command Prompt (Admin) or Windows PowerShell (Admin). You can run the system file checker from either of these locations.[4]
    • If you're using Windows 11, you may see Windows Terminal (Admin). This will work, too.
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    3
    Type DISM.exe /Online /Cleanup-image /Restorehealth and press Enter. If you're using Windows 8.1, Windows 10, or Windows 11, run this command before scanning the file system.[5] If you're using Windows 7, skip this step.
    • This command connects to Windows Update to get the necessary files required to fix corruption. It can take up to 30 minutes to complete, but typically won't take that long.
    • After a few moments, you'll see "The operation completed successfully." At that point, you can continue to the next step.
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    Type SFC /scannow and press Enter. This checks your system files, which may take several minutes. Make sure you don't close the window while the scan is in progress.
    • If corrupted files are detected, they'll be replaced with repaired versions.
    • If the scan does not find corruption, you'll see the message "Windows Resource Protection did not find any integrity violations."
    • If you see a message that says, "Windows Resource Protection could not perform the requested operation," try running the scan again in Safe Mode.
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Section 7 of 14:

Check Your Hard Drive

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    Open the Windows File Explorer. You can do this by right-clicking the Start menu and selecting File Explorer or by clicking the folder icon on your taskbar. If your hard drive is not performing properly, it could cause your PC to freeze. Fortunately, you can easily check your hard drive from File Explorer.
    • If you have multiple hard drives, remember to check them all.
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    2
    Click This PC. You'll see this in the left panel. A list of all connected drives will appear in the right panel.
  3. Image titled Fix a Windows Computer that Hangs or Freezes Step 29
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    Right-click your hard drive and select Properties. A dialog window with several tabs will appear.
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    Click the Tools tab. This displays options for error checking and optimization.
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    Click Check. You'll be prompted to scan your hard drive.
  6. Image titled Fix a Windows Computer that Hangs or Freezes Step 32
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    Click Scan drive. Windows will now scan the selected hard drive for errors.[6] If any errors are detected, Windows will attempt to repair them.
    • Repeat for all drives connected to your PC.
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Section 8 of 14:

Run a RAM Test

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    Open the Windows Memory Diagnostic tool. If your RAM is bad, your PC will seemingly freeze at random, often leaving you no other option than to do a hard reboot. Fortunately, Windows comes with a free RAM checking tool. To open it:
    • First, save any work you have open, as your PC will reboot to use the tool.
    • Press Windows key + S.
    • Type mdsched.exe and press Enter.
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    2
    Click Restart now and check for problems (recommended). This option will instantly reboot your PC and run a memory scan outside of Windows.
    • The scan may take a while, so feel free to get up and come back later.
    • Because this tool won't always show the test results, we'll show you how to find them once Windows boots back up.
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    When the scan is finished, right-click the Start menu and select Event Viewer. When the scan is complete, your PC will boot back into Windows. To see the results, you'll need to check the Event Viewer.
  4. Image titled Fix a Windows Computer that Hangs or Freezes Step 36
    4
    Click Windows Logs in the left panel. Several logs will appear below.
  5. Image titled Fix a Windows Computer that Hangs or Freezes Step 37
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    Right-click the "System" log and select Find.... The "Find" window will expand.
  6. Image titled Fix a Windows Computer that Hangs or Freezes Step 38
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    Type MemoryDiagnostics and click Find Next. This searches the system log for all entries created by the Windows Memory Diagnostic Tool.[7]
    • If no errors are found, the issue is not likely related to RAM.
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Section 9 of 14:

Disable Link State Power Management

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    1
    Press the Windows key + S and type power. If your PC freezes while your PC is idle, goes to sleep, or wakes from sleep mode, you may be able to fix the freezing issue in your power settings. When you type power, several search results will appear.
  2. Image titled Fix a Windows Computer that Hangs or Freezes Step 40
    2
    Click Edit power plan. This displays information about your current power plan.
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    Click Change advanced power settings. This appears below the general settings for the plan.
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    Double-click PCI Express. Another option will expand.
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    Double-click Link State Power Management. Now you'll see options for configuring your power settings for this item.
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    Select Off from the menu(s). If you're using a laptop, you'll want to choose Off from both menus.
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    Click OK. Disabling this feature often resolves issues of freezing caused by power and sleep settings. If this doesn't resolve your issue, you can return to your power options to reenable Link State Power Management.
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Section 10 of 14:

Clear Cached and Unneeded Files

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    Open the Disk Cleanup tool. If your Windows cache contains any corrupt files or your hard drive is getting full, you might experience system crashes and freezes. You can easily get rid of all unnecessary files, including temporary Windows files, in Disk Cleanup. To open the tool:
    • Press Windows key + S.
    • Type disk cleanup.
    • Click Disk Cleanup.[8]
  2. Image titled Fix a Windows Computer that Hangs or Freezes Step 47
    2
    Click Clean up system files. You'll see this at the bottom-left corner of the window.
  3. Image titled Fix a Windows Computer that Hangs or Freezes Step 48
    3
    Select which files to delete. If you just want to delete temporary files created by Windows, check the boxes next to "Temporary files" and "Temporary Windows installation files." You can also select other options, such as "Recycle Bin," if you want to free up some space in general.
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    4
    Click OK. A confirmation message will appear.
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    5
    Click Delete Files to confirm. Once the files are deleted, the tool will close.
    • If you're still low on hard drive space, your PC may continue to freeze and crash. Check out these tricks for freeing up hard drive space.
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Section 11 of 14:

Roll Back the Latest Update

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    Click the Start menu and select Settings. If your PC started freezing after a Windows Update, you can try rolling back the update to see if that resolves the problem.
    • If you're unable to use Windows at all because it keeps freezing, try booting into Safe Mode before you perform these steps.
  2. Image titled Fix a Windows Computer that Hangs or Freezes Step 52
    2
    Click Update & Security (Windows 10). If you're using Windows 11, you can skip this step.
  3. Image titled Fix a Windows Computer that Hangs or Freezes Step 53
    3
    Click Windows Update. This opens the Windows Update panel.
  4. Image titled Fix a Windows Computer that Hangs or Freezes Step 54
    4
    Click View Update History or Update history. You'll see one of these two options depending on your operating system.
  5. Image titled Fix a Windows Computer that Hangs or Freezes Step 55
    5
    Click Uninstall updates. It's at the bottom of the right panel on Windows 11, and at the top of Windows 10.
  6. Image titled Fix a Windows Computer that Hangs or Freezes Step 56
    6
    Select the most recent update. You'll see a list of all recent Windows Updates here, as well as some other apps that have update features built in. Click the most recent update that occurred around the time your PC started freezing or hanging.
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    7
    Click Uninstall. You'll see this at the top of the list. This removes the selected update from your PC.
    • Most updates will attempt to reinstall automatically, so you might want to pause updates to see if uninstalling this latest update fixes your problem. To pause updates, return to Windows Updates and select a time period on "Pause Updates."
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Section 12 of 14:

Run a System Restore

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    Open the Windows Control Panel. If you think you know when your PC started freezing, you can try restoring your system to a point in time before the freezing began. To open Control Panel, press Windows key + S, type control panel, then click Control Panel.
  2. Image titled Fix a Windows Computer that Hangs or Freezes Step 59
    2
    Type recovery into the search bar. You'll see this search bar at the top-right corner of Control Panel.[9]
  3. Image titled Fix a Windows Computer that Hangs or Freezes Step 60
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    Click Recovery in the search results. This displays your advanced recovery options.
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    4
    Click Open System Restore. If System Restore is enabled, you'll see the most recent recommended restore point, as well as the option to choose an alternative.
    • If you don't have any restore points, you'll need to try another method.
  5. Image titled Fix a Windows Computer that Hangs or Freezes Step 62
    5
    Select a restore point. If the recommended restore point is too recent, click Choose a different restore point and select Next to find an earlier one.
  6. Image titled Fix a Windows Computer that Hangs or Freezes Step 63
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    Click Scan for affected programs. This option tells you which software will be removed and which updates will be rolled back if you were to continue with the system restore. When you're finished, click Close.
    • System Restore will not affect your personal files.
  7. Image titled Fix a Windows Computer that Hangs or Freezes Step 64
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    Click Finish to restore your PC. This restores your PC to the selected time and date.
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Section 13 of 14:

Disable Fast Startup (Windows 8.1)

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    Click Search and type power button. Older PCs sometimes hang at boot time when Fast Startup is enabled.[10] To disable Fast Startup, start by typing power button into Search.
  2. Image titled Fix a Windows Computer that Hangs or Freezes Step 66
    2
    Click Change what the power buttons do.
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    Click Change settings that are currently unavailable. Now you'll see the option to enable or disable Fast Startup.
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    Remove the checkmark from "Turn on Fast Startup." Disabling this feature will often stop your Windows 8.1 PC from freezing during startup.
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    5
    Click Save changes. The next time you reboot your PC, it should no longer freeze.
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Section 14 of 14:

Reset Your PC

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    Click the Start menu and select Settings. If your computer is still freezing, you can try resetting your PC. Fortunately, you can now reset your PC's settings without losing your personal data. Start by opening your Settings.
  2. Image titled Fix a Windows Computer that Hangs or Freezes Step 71
    2
    Click System (Windows 11) or Update & Security (Windows 10).
  3. Image titled Fix a Windows Computer that Hangs or Freezes Step 72
    3
    Click Recovery. You'll see this in the right panel on Windows 11, and on the left panel in Windows 10.
  4. Image titled Fix a Windows Computer that Hangs or Freezes Step 73
    4
    Click Reset PC (Windows 11) or Get Started (Windows 10).
  5. Image titled Fix a Windows Computer that Hangs or Freezes Step 74
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    Choose whether to keep your files or start from scratch. To make sure you don't lose any data other than installed apps and modified settings, select Keep my files. But if you want to erase all of your personal files and apps you've installed, you can select Remove everything.
  6. Image titled Fix a Windows Computer that Hangs or Freezes Step 75
    6
    Follow the on-screen instructions to reset your PC. Once your PC comes back up, try using it for a while to see if it still freezes.
    • If the freezing does not continue, reinstall your apps one by one to narrow down the problem. If a particular app brings back the symptoms, the issue is related to that app or a device driver it uses to run.
    • If the freezing continues after resetting your PC and doesn't correlate with an app or device you've installed, the issue is likely hardware related.
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Expert Q&A

  • Question
    Why does my system hang when starting up?
    Nicole Levine, MFA
    Nicole Levine, MFA
    wikiHow Technology Writer
    Nicole Levine is a Technology Writer and Editor for wikiHow. She has more than 20 years of experience creating technical documentation and leading support teams at major web hosting and software companies. Nicole also holds an MFA in Creative Writing from Portland State University and teaches composition, fiction-writing, and zine-making at various institutions.
    Nicole Levine, MFA
    Nicole Levine, MFA
    wikiHow Technology Writer
    Expert Answer
    This often happens when certain accessories or peripherals are connected to the PC at boot time. Try starting up your PC without anything external plugged in--no USB flash drives, printers, phones, etc., and see if that helps. Also, check your startup apps--if there's an app that has a hard time launching at startup, try removing it from the list of startup apps in your settings.
  • Question
    What do I do with an Page Unresponsive error?
    Nicole Levine, MFA
    Nicole Levine, MFA
    wikiHow Technology Writer
    Nicole Levine is a Technology Writer and Editor for wikiHow. She has more than 20 years of experience creating technical documentation and leading support teams at major web hosting and software companies. Nicole also holds an MFA in Creative Writing from Portland State University and teaches composition, fiction-writing, and zine-making at various institutions.
    Nicole Levine, MFA
    Nicole Levine, MFA
    wikiHow Technology Writer
    Expert Answer
    If you get this error in Chrome or Edge, select the unresponsive pages and choose "Kill." Then, restart Chrome and try again. This error sometimes occurs due to misbehaving extensions and add-ons--try using the website in Incognito or Private mode to see if the problem still occurs. If it works in Incognito or Private, try disabling any extensions or add-ons that could be causing the problem.
  • Question
    My computer is slow, especially when using Chrome. It also takes loooong time to switch off completely after I command. I have tried to stop the start up apps but no change. Advice?
    Nicole Levine, MFA
    Nicole Levine, MFA
    wikiHow Technology Writer
    Nicole Levine is a Technology Writer and Editor for wikiHow. She has more than 20 years of experience creating technical documentation and leading support teams at major web hosting and software companies. Nicole also holds an MFA in Creative Writing from Portland State University and teaches composition, fiction-writing, and zine-making at various institutions.
    Nicole Levine, MFA
    Nicole Levine, MFA
    wikiHow Technology Writer
    Expert Answer
    Chrome uses a lot of RAM. If you have a lot of tabs open at once and don't have enough RAM to support all of the open tabs, Chrome will often hang or crash. You can see how much RAM Chrome is using by pressing Ctrl + Alt + Del and clicking Task Manager. If you have any extensions installed in Chrome, try uninstalling the ones you don't use (or disabling them) to see if that helps. If not, you may just need to have fewer tabs open at a time or increase the amount of RAM in your PC. You might also consider closing other programs while you're using Chrome, or see if you have better results with a different browser like Edge or Firefox.
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References

  1. ↑ https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/troubleshooting-black-or-blank-screens-in-windows-51ef7b96-47cb-b454-fcab-fac643784457
  2. ↑ https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/topic/troubleshoot-windows-8-1-windows-8-or-windows-7-hangs-or-freezes-752adf9f-d1c4-e766-a9d5-6081b88de359
  3. ↑ https://www.asus.com/us/support/FAQ/1044726
  4. ↑ https://www.dell.com/support/kbdoc/en-us/000126064/how-do-i-run-the-system-file-checker-in-microsoft-windows
  5. ↑ https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/using-system-file-checker-in-windows-365e0031-36b1-6031-f804-8fd86e0ef4ca
  6. ↑ https://social.technet.microsoft.com/wiki/contents/articles/53235.windows-10-built-in-tools-for-hard-disk-health-check.aspx
  7. ↑ https://answers.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/forum/all/how-do-i-see-the-results-of-memory-diagnostic-i/36f9d014-256a-4757-927a-d85ade3b0c09
  8. ↑ https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/disk-cleanup-in-windows-8a96ff42-5751-39ad-23d6-434b4d5b9a68
  9. ↑ https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/use-system-restore-a5ae3ed9-07c4-fd56-45ee-096777ecd14e
  1. ↑ https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/topic/troubleshoot-windows-8-1-windows-8-or-windows-7-hangs-or-freezes-752adf9f-d1c4-e766-a9d5-6081b88de359

About This Article

Garnik Ovsepyan
Written by:
Garnik Ovsepyan
Computer Specialist
This article was written by Garnik Ovsepyan and by wikiHow staff writer, Nicole Levine, MFA. Garnik Ovsepyan is a Computer Specialist and the Owner of HeliX PC based in Burbank, California. With over 25 years of experience, Garnik specializes in custom computer builds, computer repairs, virus removal, computer tune-ups, hardware and software troubleshooting and installations, diagnostics, and data backup and recovery. This article has been viewed 257,477 times.
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Co-authors: 9
Updated: December 5, 2022
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Categories: Windows
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