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Chapter 23

Organic Chemistry

Book Version 33
By Boundless
Boundless Chemistry
Chemistry
by Boundless
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Section 1
Classes of Organic Compounds
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Functional Groups

Functional groups are groups of molecules attached to organic molecules and give them specific identities or functions.

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The Chemical Basis for Life

Carbon is the most important element to living things because it can form many different kinds of bonds and form essential compounds.

Section 2
Aliphatic Hydrocarbons
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Alkanes

Alkanes are relatively unreactive hydrocarbons that contain no double or triple bonds in their carbon skeletons.

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Reactions of Alkanes

Alkanes are generally unreactive, but can participate in oxidation, halogenation, and cracking reactions.

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Drawing Hydrocarbon Structures

Hydrocarbon structures can be drawn from the IUPAC names of chemical compounds by starting with the carbon backbone and adding substituents.

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Cycloalkanes

Cycloalkanes are saturated hydrocarbons that contain a ring in their carbon backbones.

Section 3
Alkenes and Alkynes
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Naming Alkenes and Alkynes

Alkenes and alkynes are named similarly to alkanes, based on the longest chain that contains the double or triple bond.

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Properties of Alkenes

Due to the presence of a double bond in their carbon skeletons, alkenes are more reactive than their related alkanes.

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Reactions of Alkenes and Alkynes

Alkenes and alkynes are more reactive than alkanes due to their pi bonds.

Section 4
Aromatic Hydrocarbons
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Naming Aromatic Compounds

Aromatic compounds are named based on the number and type of substituents on the ring.

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Properties of Aromatic Compounds

Aromatic compounds are ring structures with delocalized $\pi$ electron density that imparts unusual stability.

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Reactions of Aromatic Compounds

Aromatic compounds can participate in a range of reactions including substitution, coupling, and hydrogenation reactions.

Section 5
Functional Group Names, Properties, and Reactions
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Functional Groups

Functional groups refer to specific atoms bonded in a certain arrangement that give a compound certain physical and chemical properties.

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Alcohols

Alcohols are functional groups characterized by the presence of an -OH group.

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Ethers

Ethers are a class of organic compounds characterized by an oxygen atom connected to two alkyl or aryl groups.

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Aldehydes and Ketones

Aldehydes and ketones are classes of organic compounds that contain a carbonyl (C=O) group.

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Carboxylic Acids

Carboxylic acids are organic acids that contain a carbon atom that participates in both a hydroxyl and a carbonyl functional group.

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Esters

Esters are functional groups produced from the condensation of an alcohol with a carboxylic acid, and are named based on these components.

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Amines

Amines are compounds characterized by the presence of a nitrogen atom, a lone pair of electrons, and three substituents.

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Boundless Chemistry by Boundless
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Chapter 22
Transition Metals
  • Properties of Transition Metals
  • Chemistry of Selected Transition Metals
  • Coordination Compounds
  • Bonding in Coordination Compounds: Valence Bond Theory
  • Bonding in Coordination Compounds: Crystal Field Theory
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Current Chapter
Chapter 23
Organic Chemistry
  • Classes of Organic Compounds
  • Aliphatic Hydrocarbons
  • Alkenes and Alkynes
  • Aromatic Hydrocarbons
  • Functional Group Names, Properties, and Reactions
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Chapter 24
Polymers
  • Properties of Polymers
  • Lipids
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