Apostrophes can be super pesky to deal with, especially when it comes to plural possessives and words or names like “James” that end in “s.” Is it okay to just add a single apostrophe at the end, or should you add an apostrophe and an “s” to the word? We’ve answered all your questions below so you can become an apostrophe expert.

Section 2 of 2:

Style Guide Rules for “James”

  1. 1
    Use James’ when you’re writing in Associated Press (AP) style. AP is the go-to style of most journalists and news outlets. So, if you’re writing about someone named James, you’d write their name as James’ when using it as a possessive.[2]
    • We reached out to James’ lawyer, but he didn’t provide any further comment.
    • James’ record was broken by Brown at the latest track meet.
  2. 2
    Stick with James’s when you’re working in MLA or APA. In high school and university classes, you’ll probably have to write a paper in MLA (Modern Language Association) or APA (American Psychological Association) format at one point or another. Both of these styles require writers to use ’s with words or names ending in s, like “James.” [3]
    • James’s research agrees that ginger can help with an upset stomach.
    • James’s findings remain inconclusive.
  3. 3
    Choose between James’ or James’s when you’re writing in Chicago style. According to Chicago style’s official website, the organization accepts both s’ and ’s with s-ending words or names like “James.” However, the organization does state that it prefers ’s over s’.[4]
    • James’s performance had a remarkable effect on the audience.
    • James’ lectures have become a critical part of modern philosophical history.
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About This Article

Janice Tieperman
Co-authored by:
wikiHow Staff Writer
This article was co-authored by wikiHow staff writer, Janice Tieperman. Janice is a professional and creative writer who has worked at wikiHow since 2019. With both a B.A. and M.A. in English from East Stroudsburg University, she has a passion for writing a wide variety of content for anyone and everyone. In her free time, you can find her working on a new crochet pattern, listening to true crime podcasts, or tackling a new creative writing project. This article has been viewed 15,184 times.
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Co-authors: 3
Updated: December 7, 2022
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Categories: English Grammar
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