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Chapter 25

Vision and Optical Instruments

Book Version 3
By Boundless
Boundless Physics
Physics
by Boundless
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Section 1
The Human Eye
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The Human Eye

The human eye is an organ that reacts with light and allows light perception, color vision and depth perception.

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Color Vision

Using the cone cells in the retina, we perceive images in color; each type of cone specifically sees in regions of red, green, or blue.

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Resolution of the Human Eye

The human eye is a sense organ that allows vision and is capable to distinguish about 10 million colors.

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Nearsightedness, Farsidedness, and Vision Correction

In order for the human eye to see clearly, the image needs to be formed directly on the retina; if it is not, the image is blurry.

Section 2
Other Optical Instruments
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The Magnifying Glass

A magnifying glass is a convex lens that lets the observer see a larger image of the object being observed.

The Camera

Cameras are optical devices that allow a user to record an image of an object, either on photo paper or digitally.

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The Compound Microscope

A compound microscope is made of two convex lenses; the first, the ocular lens, is close to the eye, and the second is the objective lens.

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The Telescope

The telescope aids in observation of remote objects by collecting electromagnetic radiation, such as visible light.

X-Ray Diffraction

The principle of diffraction is applied to record interference on a subatomic level in the study of x-ray crystallography.

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X-Ray Imaging and CT Scans

Radiography uses x-rays to view material that cannot be seen by the human eye by identifying areas of different density and composition.

Specialty Microscopes and Contrast

Microscopes are instruments that let the human eye see objects that would otherwise be too small.

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Limits of Resolution and Circular Aperatures

In optical imaging, there is a fundamental limit to the resolution of any optical system that is due to diffraction.

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Aberrations

An aberration, or distortion, is a failure of rays to converge at one focus because of limitations or defects in a lens or mirror.

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Geometric Optics
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Vision and Optical Instruments
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Wave Optics
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