infinitive

(noun)

The uninflected form of a verb. In English, this is usually formed with the verb stem preceded by "to." For Example: "to sit."

Related Terms

  • nonrestrictive
  • adjective
  • preposition
  • participle
  • finite verb
  • adverb

Examples of infinitive in the following topics:

  • Summing an Infinite Series

    • Infinite sequences and series can either converge or diverge.
    • If the limit of is infinite or does not exist, the series is said to diverge.
    • An easy way that an infinite series can converge is if all the ana_{n}a​n​​ are zero for sufficiently large nnns.
    • Such a series can be identified with a finite sum, so it is only infinite in a trivial sense.
    • An infinite sequence of real numbers shown in blue dots.
  • Infinite Geometric Series

    • Geometric series are one of the simplest examples of infinite series with finite sums.
    • What follows in an example of an infinite series with a finite sum.
    • Applying rn→0r^n\rightarrow 0r​n​​→0, we can find a new formula for the sum of an infinitely long geometric series:
    • Find the sum of the infinite geometric series 64+32+16+8+⋯64+ 32 + 16 + 8 + \cdots64+32+16+8+⋯
    • Substitute a=64a=64a=64 and r=12\displaystyle r= \frac{1}{2}r=​2​​1​​ into the formula for the sum of an infinite geometric series:
  • Cylindrical Shells

    • In the shell method, a function is rotated around an axis and modeled by an infinite number of cylindrical shells, all infinitely thin.
    • Intuitively speaking, part of the graph of a function is rotated around an axis, and is modeled by an infinite number of cylindrical shells, all infinitely thin.
    • By adding the volumes of all these infinitely thin cylinders, we can calculate the volume of the solid formed by the revolution.
  • Series

    • Finite sequences and series have defined first and last terms, whereas infinite sequences and series continue indefinitely.
    • Given an infinite sequence of numbers {an}\{ a_n \}{a​n​​}, a series is informally the result of adding all those terms together: a1+a2+a3+⋯a_1 + a_2 + a_3 + \cdotsa​1​​+a​2​​+a​3​​+⋯ .
    • As there are an infinite number of terms, this notion is often called an infinite series.
    • Unlike finite summations, infinite series need tools from mathematical analysis, specifically the notion of limits, to be fully understood and manipulated.
    • In addition to their ubiquity in mathematics, infinite series are also widely used in other quantitative disciplines such as physics, computer science, and finance.
  • Expressing Functions as Power Functions

    • Since all infinitely differentiable functions can be represented in power series, any infinitely differentiable function can be represented as a sum of many power functions (of integer exponents).
    • The Taylor series of a real or complex-valued function f(x)f(x)f(x) that is infinitely differentiable in a neighborhood of a real or complex number aaa is the power series:
    • Therefore, an arbitrary function that is infinitely differentiable is expressed as an infinite sum of power functions (xnx^nx​n​​) of integer exponent.
    • Describe the relationship between the power functions and infinitely differentiable functions
  • The Integral Test and Estimates of Sums

    • The integral test is a method of testing infinite series of nonnegative terms for convergence by comparing them to an improper integral.
    • The integral test for convergence is a method used to test infinite series of non-negative terms for convergence.
    • The infinite series ∑n=N∞f(n)\sum_{n=N}^\infty f(n)∑​n=N​∞​​f(n) converges to a real number if and only if the improper integral ∫N∞f(x)dx\int_N^\infty f(x)\,dx∫​N​∞​​f(x)dx is finite.
    • In this way, it is possible to investigate the borderline between divergence and convergence of infinite series.
    • Since the area under the curve y=1xy = \frac{1}{x}y=​x​​1​​ for x∈[1,∞)x \in [1, \infty)x∈[1,∞) is infinite, the total area of the rectangles must be infinite as well.
  • Spherical and Plane Waves

    • Spherical waves come from point source in a spherical pattern; plane waves are infinite parallel planes normal to the phase velocity vector.
    • A plane wave is a constant-frequency wave whose wavefronts (surfaces of constant phase) are infinite parallel planes of constant peak-to-peak amplitude normal to the phase velocity vector .
    • It is not possible in practice to have a true plane wave; only a plane wave of infinite extent will propagate as a plane wave.
    • Plane waves are an infinite number of wavefronts normal to the direction of the propogation.
  • Taylor Polynomials

    • A Taylor series is a representation of a function as an infinite sum of terms calculated from the values of the function's derivatives.
    • Taylor series is a representation of a function as an infinite sum of terms that are calculated from the values of the function's derivatives at a single point.
    • The Taylor series of a real or complex-valued function f(x)f(x)f(x) that is infinitely differentiable in a neighborhood of a real or complex number aaa is the power series
    • Therefore, as long as Taylor expansion is possible and the infinite sum converges, the definite integral (III) can be evaluated.
  • Tips for Testing Series

    • Convergence tests are methods of testing for the convergence or divergence of an infinite series.
    • Convergence tests are methods of testing for the convergence, conditional convergence, absolute convergence, interval of convergence, or divergence of an infinite series.
    • Since the area under the curve y=1xy = \frac{1}{x}y=​x​​1​​ for $x \in [1, ∞)$ is infinite, the total area of the rectangles must be infinite as well.
  • Comparison Tests

    • The limit comparison test is a method of testing for the convergence of an infinite series, while the direct comparison test is a way of deducing the convergence or divergence of an infinite series or an improper integral by comparison with other series or integral whose convergence properties are already known.
    • The direct comparison test provides a way of deducing the convergence or divergence of an infinite series or an improper integral.
    • If the infinite series ∑bn\sum b_n∑b​n​​ converges and 0≤an≤bn0 \le a_n \le b_n0≤a​n​​≤b​n​​ for all sufficiently large nnn (that is, for all n>Nn>Nn>N for some fixed value NNN), then the infinite series ∑an\sum a_n∑a​n​​ also converges.
    • If the infinite series ∑bn\sum b_n∑b​n​​ diverges and an≥bn≥0a_n \ge b_n \ge 0a​n​​≥b​n​​≥0 for all sufficiently large nnn, then the infinite series ∑an\sum a_n∑a​n​​ also diverges.
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