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Chapter 7

Introduction to Quantum Theory

Book Version 33
By Boundless
Boundless Chemistry
Chemistry
by Boundless
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Section 1
The Nature of Light
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Properties of Waves and Light

In many cases, the properties of light can be explained as a wave, as was shown in Young's double-slit experiment.

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Electromagnetic Spectrum

The electromagnetic spectrum is the range of all possible frequencies of electromagnetic radiation.

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Interference and Diffraction

Interference and diffraction are terms that describe a wave interacting with something that changes its amplitude, such as another wave.

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Planck's Quantum Theory

Max Planck suggested that the energy of light is proportional to its frequency, also showing that light exists in discrete quanta of energy.

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The Photoelectric Effect

The photoelectric effect is the propensity of high-energy electromagnetic radiation to eject electrons from a given material.

Section 2
Bohr's Theory
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Emission Spectrum of the Hydrogen Atom

The emission spectrum of atomic hydrogen is divided into a number of spectral series.

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The Bohr Model

The Bohr model depicts atoms as small, positively charged nuclei surrounded by electrons in circular orbits.

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The de Broglie Wavelength

The de Broglie wavelength is inversely proportional to the momentum of a particle.

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The Uncertainty Principle

Only partial knowledge of the momentum and position of a particle may be known at the same time.

Section 3
Quantum Mechanical Description of the Atomic Orbital
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Description of the Hydrogen Atom

A hydrogen atom is electrically neutral, containing a single proton and a single electron bound to the nucleus by the Coulomb force.

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Indeterminacy and Probability Distribution Maps

Quantum indeterminacy refers to the necessary incompleteness in the description of a physical system.

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Quantum Numbers

Quantum numbers provide a numerical description of the orbitals in which electrons reside.

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The Pauli Exclusion Principle

The Pauli exclusion principle states that no two fermions can have identical wavefunctions.

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Particle in a Box

The particle in a box model provides one of the very few problems in quantum mechanics which can be solved analytically.

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Wave Equation for the Hydrogen Atom

The hydrogen atom is the simplest one-electron atom and has analytical solutions to the Schrödinger equation.

Section 4
Orbital Shapes
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Electron Orbitals

Electron orbitals are three-dimensional representations of the space in which an electron is likely to be found.

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The Phase of Orbitals

When constructing molecular orbitals, the phase of the two orbitals coming together creates bonding and anti-bonding orbitals.

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Chapter 7
Introduction to Quantum Theory
  • The Nature of Light
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