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Boundless Statistics
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Chapter 6

Measures of Variation

Book Version 1
By Boundless
Boundless Statistics
Statistics
by Boundless
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Section 1
Describing Variability
Range

The range is a measure of the total spread of values in a quantitative dataset.

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Variance

Variance is the sum of the probabilities that various outcomes will occur multiplied by the squared deviations from the average of the random variable.

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Standard Deviation: Definition and Calculation

Standard deviation is a measure of the average distance between the values of the data in the set and the mean.

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Interpreting the Standard Deviation

The practical value of understanding the standard deviation of a set of values is in appreciating how much variation there is from the mean.

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Using a Statistical Calculator

For advanced calculating and graphing, it is often very helpful for students and statisticians to have access to statistical calculators.

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Degrees of Freedom

The number of degrees of freedom is the number of values in the final calculation of a statistic that are free to vary.

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Interquartile Range

The interquartile range (IQR) is a measure of statistical dispersion, or variability, based on dividing a data set into quartiles.

Measures of Variability of Qualitative and Ranked Data

Variability for qualitative data is measured in terms of how often observations differ from one another.

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Distorting the Truth with Descriptive Statistics

Descriptive statistics can be manipulated in many ways that can be misleading, including the changing of scale and statistical bias.

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Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA)

Exploratory data analysis is an approach to analyzing data sets in order to summarize their main characteristics, often with visual methods.

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Describing, Exploring, and Comparing Data
  • Central Tendency
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Measures of Variation
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Sampling
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