matter

Examples of matter in the following topics:

• Matter and Antimatter

  • Antimatter is composed of antiparticles, which have the same mass as particles of ordinary matter but opposite charge and quantum spin.
  • Matter-antimatter reactions have practical applications in medical imaging, such as in positron emission tomography (PET).
  • Antiparticles bind with each other to form antimatter in the same way that normal particles bind to form normal matter.
  • Almost all matter observable from the earth seems to be made of matter rather than antimatter.
  • Antimatter galaxies, if they exist, are expected to have the same chemistry and absorption and emission spectra as normal-matter galaxies, and their astronomical objects would be observationally identical, making them difficult to distinguish from normal-matter galaxies.

• Phases of Matter

  • There are four states of matter: solid, liquid, gas, and plasma.
  • A solid is in a state of matter that maintains a fixed volume and shape.
  • Matter in the plasma state has variable volume and shape.
  • Plasma is the most common form of visible matter in the universe .
  • Solids are in a state of matter that maintains a fixed volume and shape.

• Wave Nature of Matter Causes Quantization

  • The wave nature of matter is responsible for the quantization of energy levels in bound systems.
  • To consider why wave nature of matter in bound systems leads to quantization, let's consider an example in classical mechanics.
  • The wave nature of matter is responsible for the quantization of energy levels in bound systems.
  • Just like a free string, the matter wave of a free electron can have any wavelength, determined by its momentum.
  • Explain relationship between the wave nature of matter and the quantization of energy levels in bound systems

• de Broglie and the Wave Nature of Matter

  • The concept of "matter waves" or "de Broglie waves" reflects the wave-particle duality of matter.
  • In quantum mechanics, the concept of matter waves (or de Broglie waves) reflects the wave-particle duality of matter.
  • De Broglie's hypothesis is that this relationship $\lambda = \frac{h}{p}$, derived for electromagnetic waves, can be adopted to describe matter (e.g. electron, neutron, etc.) as well.
  • Therefore, the presence of any diffraction effects by matter demonstrated the wave-like nature of matter.
  • Just as the photoelectric effect demonstrated the particle nature of light, the Davisson–Germer experiment showed the wave-nature of matter, thus completing the theory of wave-particle duality.

• Mass

  • Mass is a physical property of matter that depends on size and shape of matter, and is expressed as kilograms by the SI system.
  • Physical properties do not change the chemical nature of matter.
  • Weight is a different property of matter that, while related to mass, is not mass, but rather the amount of gravitational force acting on a given body of matter.

• Introduction: Physics and Matter

  • Physics is a natural science that involves the study of matter and its motion through space and time, along with related concepts such as energy and force .
  • Physics uses the scientific method to help uncover the basic principles governing light and matter, and to discover the implications of those laws.
  • It is also commonly believed that those laws could be used to predict everything about the universe's future if complete information was available about the present state of all light and matter.
  • Matter is generally considered to be anything that has mass and volume.
  • Many concepts integral to the study of classical physics involve theories and laws that explain matter and its motion.

• Atomic Theory of Matter

  • Atomic theory is a scientific theory of the nature of matter which states that matter is composed of discrete units called atoms.
  • Atomic theory is a scientific theory of the nature of matter which states that matter is composed of discrete units called atoms , as opposed to the obsolete notion that matter could be divided into any arbitrarily small quantity.
  • Although physicists discovered that the so-called "indivisible atom" was actually a conglomerate of various subatomic particles, the concept of atoms is still important because they are building blocks of matter and form the basis of chemistry.

• Early Models of the Atom

  • Dalton believed that that matter is composed of discrete units called atoms -- indivisible, ultimate particles of matter.
  • The atom is a basic unit of matter that consists of a dense central nucleus surrounded by a cloud of negatively charged electrons.
  • People have long speculated about the structure of matter and the existence of atoms.
  • Dalton believed that matter is composed of discrete units called atoms, as opposed to the obsolete notion that matter could be divided into any arbitrarily small quantity.
  • He also believed that atoms are the indivisible, ultimate particles of matter.

• The Photoelectric Effect

  • Electrons are emitted from matter that is absorbing energy from electromagnetic radiation, resulting in the photoelectric effect.
  • Electrons are emitted from matter when light shines on a surface .
  • The photoelectric effect is also widely used to investigate electron energy levels in matter.
  • The value of work function is an intrinsic property of matter.
  • This question would be resolved by de Broglie: light, and all matter, have both wave-like and particle-like properties.

• Linear Expansion

  • Thermal expansion is the tendency of matter to change in volume in response to a change in temperature.
  • Thermal expansion is the tendency of matter to change in volume in response to a change in temperature.
  • Why does matter usually expand when heated?
  • The answer can be found in the shape of the typical particle-particle potential in matter.
  • Typical inter-particle potential in condensed matter (such as solid or liquid).