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Chapter 9

Reporting of Current and Contingent Liabilities

Book Version 3
By Boundless
Boundless Accounting
Accounting
by Boundless
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Section 1
Introduction to Liabilities
Defining Liabilities

A liability is defined as an obligation of an entity arising from past transactions/events and settled through the transfer of assets.

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Classifying Liabilities

Two typical classification types for liabilities are current and long-term.

Section 2
Current Liabilities
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Defining Current Liabilities

Current liabilities are usually settled with cash or other assets within a fiscal year or operating cycle, whichever period is longer.

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Accounts Payable

Accounts payable is money owed by a business to its suppliers and creditors and typically shown on its balance sheet as a current liability.

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Notes Payable

A note payable is a liability where one party makes an unconditional written promise to pay a specific sum of money to another.

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Current Maturities of Long-Term Debt

The portion of long-term liabilities that must be paid in the coming 12-month period are classified as current liabilities.

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Current Obligations Expected to Be Refinanced

Per FASB 6, current obligations that an enterprise intends and is able to refinance with long term debt have different reporting requirements.

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Dividends Payable

Dividends are payments made by a corporation to its shareholders; the payment amount is reported as dividends payable on the balance sheet.

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Unearned and Deferred Revenues

A deferred revenue is recognized when cash is received upfront for a product before delivery or for a service before rendering.

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Other Current Liabilities: Sales Tax, Income Tax, Payroll, and Customer Advances

Other current liabilities reported on the balance sheet are sales tax, income tax, payroll, and customer advances (deferred revenue).

Section 3
Contingencies
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Gain Contingencies

Gain contingencies, or possible occurrences of a gain on a claim or obligation involving the entity, are reported when realized (earned).

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Loss Contingencies

A loss contingency may be incurred by the entity based on the outcome of a future event, such as litigation.

Section 4
Reporting and Analyzing Current Liabilities
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Reporting Current Liabilities

Current liabilities are reported first in the liability section of the balance sheet because they have first claim on company assets.

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What Goes on the Balances Sheet and What Goes in the Notes

The balance sheet lists current liability accounts and their balances; the notes provide explanations for the balances, which are sometimes required.

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Reporting Contingencies

Contingencies are reported as liabilities if it is probable they will incur a loss, and their amounts can be reasonably estimated.

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Current Ratio

The current ratio is a financial ratio that measures whether or not a firm has enough resources to pay its debts over the next 12 months.

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Acid Test Ratio

The acid-test, or quick ratio, measures the ability of a company to use its near cash or quick assets to pay off its current liabilities.

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Working Capital Management Analysis

Working capital is a financial metric that represents the operational liquidity of a business, organization, or other entity.

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Chapter 9
Reporting of Current and Contingent Liabilities
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