TORCH complex

Examples of TORCH complex in the following topics:

• The TORCH Panel of Tests

  • TORCH complex is a medical acronym for a set of perinatal infections (which are infections passed from a pregnant woman to her fetus).
  • TORCH infections can lead to severe fetal anomalies or even fetal loss.
  • The TORCH panel of tests acronym spells out as follows:
  • Symptoms of a TORCH infection may include fever and difficultly feeding.
  • Hearing impairment, eye problems, mental retardation, autism, and death can be caused by TORCH infections.

• Immune Complex Autoimmune Reactions

  • An immune complex is formed from the integral binding of an antibody to a soluble antigen and can function as an epitope.
  • An immune complex is formed from the integral binding of an antibody to a soluble antigen.
  • Immune complexes may cause disease when they are deposited in organs, e.g. in certain forms of vasculitis.
  • Type III hypersensitivity reactions are immune complex-mediated.
  • An immune complex is formed from the integral binding of an antibody to a soluble antigen.

• Siderophores

  • The ability to form water soluble Fe3+ complexes is a key component to the active transport of the Fe-siderophore complex across the cellular membrane.
  • The complexes then generally bind to the cellular membrane using cell specific receptors.
  • In areas of low iron, the organism will release yersiniabactin to form Fe3+ complexes.
  • Once the enterobactin-Fe3+ complex arrives intracellularly, it is necessary to remove the Fe3+ from the complex.
  • The iron released from the complex will then be utilized in metabolic processes.

• Complex and Asymmetrical Virus Particles

  • Complex viruses are often asymetrical or symetrical in combination with other structures such as a tail.
  • The poxviruses are large, complex viruses that have an unusual morphology.
  • Some viruses that infect archaea have complex structures unrelated to any other form of virus.
  • T4 is a bacteriophage that infects E. coli and is referred to as a complex virus.
  • Although it has an icosahedral head, its tail makes it asymmetrical, or complex in terms of structure.

• Type III (Immune Complex) Reactions

  • When these antigens bind antibodies, immune complexes of different sizes form.
  • Large complexes can be cleared by macrophages but macrophages have difficulty in the disposal of small immune complexes.
  • These immune complexes insert themselves into small blood vessels, joints, and glomeruli, causing symptoms.
  • Often, immunofluorescence microscopy can be used to visualize the immune complexes.
  • An immune complex is formed from the integral binding of an antibody to a soluble antigen.

• T Cell Receptors

  • MHC molecules and peptides form complexes on the surface of antigen presenting cells (APCs).
  • The receptor that recognizes these peptide-MHC complexes is called the T Cell Receptor (TCR).
  • The biochemical signals that are triggered in T cells following antigen recognition are transduced not by the TCR itself, but by invariant proteins (CD3, and zeta), which are non-covalently linked to the antigen receptor to form the TCR complex.
  • The physiologic role of some accessory molecules is to deliver signals to the T cells that function in concert with signals from the TCR complex to fully activate the cell.
  • The recognition of peptide-MHC complexes is mediated by CDRs formed by both the alpha and beta chains of the TCR.

• Substrates for Biosynthesis

  • Major metabolic pathways require substrates to be acted upon for the formation of larger, more complex products.
  • The major metabolic pathways require substrates to be acted upon for the formation of larger, more complex products.
  • Biosynthetic processes are defined by the production of more complex products that are required for growth and maintenance of life.
  • These precursors are used as substrates for the biogenesis of large complex products.

• DNA Mobility Shifts

  • An antibody that recognizes the protein can be added to this mixture to create an even larger complex with a greater shift.
  • This method is referred to as a supershift assay, and is used to unambiguously identify a protein present in the protein-nucleic acid complex.
  • Lane 3 contains protein and a DNA fragment that does react; the resulting complex is larger, heavier, and slower-moving.
  • The pattern shown in lane 3 is the one that would result if all the DNA were bound and no dissociation of complex occurred during electrophoresis.
  • When these conditions are not met a second band might be seen in lane 3 reflecting the presence of free DNA or the dissociation of the DNA-protein complex.

• Biosynthesis of Tetrapyrroles

  • Porphyrins are the conjugate acids of ligands that bind metals to form complexes.
  • Complexes of meso-tetraphenylporphyrin, e.g., the iron(III) chloride complex (TPPFeCl), catalyze a variety of reactions in organic synthesis.
  • For example, complexes of meso-tetraphenylporphyrin, e.g., the iron(III) chloride complex (TPPFeCl), catalyze a variety of reactions of potential interest in organic synthesis.
  • Porphyrins are the conjugate acids of ligands that bind metals to form complexes.

• Mapping Protein-Protein Interactions

  • In living organisms most of the biological functions are mediated by complex multi-component protein machineries and network activities.
  • The protein complexes formed could be stable (proteins interact for a prolonged period of time) or transient (proteins interact for a brief period of time).
  • Molecular studies are necessary to dissect the constituents of these protein complexes and identify the domains through which a protein interacts with another.
  • Purified protein complexes are then resolved on native gels and discrete protein bands are excised and digested into small peptide fragments by trypsin.
  • Results collected from binary and co-complex experiments are documented into a database.