solid

(noun)

SOLiD (Sequencing by Oligonucleotide Ligation and Detection) is a next-generation DNA sequencing technology developed by Life Technologies and has been commercially available since 2008. This next generation technology generates hundreds of millions to billions of small sequence reads at one time.

Related Terms

Examples of solid in the following topics:

  • The Rumen and Ruminant Animals

    • The reticulum and rumen work together to separate solids and liquids.
    • Contractions push solid food particles back up into the rumen, while liquids are drained into the reticulum.
    • Solids are formed into a bolus, called "cud," in the rumen and the solid cud is regurgitated back up to the mouth where it is chewed a second time, and returned to the reticulorumen to repeat the process.

  • Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA)

    • Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is a solid-phase enzyme immunoassay used to detect the presence of a substance in solution.
    • Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is a method of quantifying an antigen immobilized on a solid surface.
    • A fixed quantity of one antibody is attached to a series of replicate solid supports, such as plastic microtiter multi-well plate.

  • Crystallographic Analysis

    • Crystallographic analysis reveals the arrangement of atoms in solids that help build the three-dimensional model of molecules.
    • Crystallography is the scientific study of the arrangement of atoms in a solid.

  • Freshwater Environments

    • Fresh water is naturally occurring water on Earth which has low concentrations of dissolved salts and other total dissolved solids.
    • Fresh water is generally characterized by having low concentrations of dissolved salts and other total dissolved solids.

  • Wastewater and Sewage Treatment

    • Wastewater is treated in 3 phases: primary (solid removal), secondary (bacterial decomposition), and tertiary (extra filtration).
    • In primary treatment, sewage is stored in a basin where solids (sludge) can settle to the bottom and oil and lighter substances can rise to the top.

  • Kirby-Bauer Disk Susceptibility Test

    • Kirby-Bauer testing measures sensitivity of bacteria to antibiotics by culturing bacteria on solid growth media surrounding sources of drug.
    • Then, a known quantity of bacteria are grown overnight on agar (solid growth media) plates in the presence of a thin wafer that contains a known amount of a relevant antibiotic.

  • Metagenomics

    • Two other technologies commonly applied to environmental sampling are the Illumina Genome Analyzer II and the Applied Biosystems SOLiD system.
    • These techniques for sequencing DNA generate shorter fragments than Sanger sequencing; 454 pyrosequencing typically produces ~400 bp reads, Illumina and SOLiD produce 25-75 bp reads.

  • Synthesizing DNA

    • Currently, the process is implemented as solid-phase synthesis using phosphoramidite method and phosphoramidite building blocks derived from protected 2'-deoxynucleosides (dA, dC, dG, and T), ribonucleosides (A, C, G, and U), or chemically modified nucleosides, e.g.
    • Upon the completion of the chain assembly, the product is released from the solid phase to solution, deprotected, and collected.

  • Western Blots

    • Solid tissues are first broken down mechanically using either a blender (for larger sample volumes), a homogenizer (smaller volumes), or by sonication .

  • Biofilms, Persisters, and Antibiotic Tolerance

    • They live on solid surfaces (e.g., catheters, ) and the extracellular material they produce protects them from external threats, such as attacks by the body's immune cells.