reduce

(verb)

To add electrons/hydrogen or to remove oxygen.

Related Terms

  • standard hydrogen electrode
  • oxidize

Examples of reduce in the following topics:

  • Overview of Reducing Agents

    • The following table summarizes the influence each of the reducing systems discussed above has on the different classes of carboxylic acid derivatives.
    • Note that Lithium Aluminum Hydride (LiAlH4) is the strongest reducing agent listed, and it reduces all the substrates.
    • They are reduced by all the reagents, but only a few of these provide synthetically useful transformations.
  • Sulfate and Sulfur Reduction

    • APS is subsequently reduced to sulfite and AMP.
    • All sulfate-reducing organisms are strict anaerobes.
    • By contrast, sulfate-reducing bacteria reduce sulfate in large amounts to obtain energy and expel the resulting sulfide as waste; this is known as "dissimilatory sulfate reduction. " Most sulfate-reducing bacteria can also reduce other oxidized inorganic sulfur compounds, such as sulfite, thiosulfate, or elemental sulfur (which is reduced to sulfide as hydrogen sulfide).
    • Toxic hydrogen sulfide is one waste product of sulfate-reducing bacteria; its rotten egg odor is often a marker for the presence of sulfate-reducing bacteria in nature.
    • Sulfate-reducing bacteria may be utilized for cleaning up contaminated soils; some species are able to reduce hydrocarbons, such as benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene.
  • Reducing the costs and waste of extraneous packaging

    • Since packaging produces a substantial amount of waste, and waste is always a sign of wasted money, reducing packaging material is a good way for a business to decrease its expenses.
    • To combat this waste, food retailer giant Tesco introduced trayless bags for chickens that reduced packaging by 68% resulting in 540 fewer Tesco delivery vehicles on the road.
    • Also at Tesco, tomato purée tubes no longer come in cartons, which reduces packaging by 45%.
    • And lightweight wine bottles now reduce glass usage by 560 tons (even double-concentrated drink mixes have resulted in smaller and lighter packaging which further decreases delivery numbers).
  • The Sulfur Cycle

    • Many bacteria can reduce sulfur in small amounts, but some bacteria can reduce sulfur in large amounts, in essence, breathing sulfur.
    • These bacteria get their energy by reducing elemental sulfur to hydrogen sulfide.
    • The most well known sulfur reducing bacteria are those in the domain Archea, which are some of the oldest forms of life on Earth.
    • Lots of bacteria reduce small amounts of sulfates to synthesize sulfur-containing cell components; this is known as assimilatory sulfate reduction.
    • By contrast, the sulfate-reducing bacteria considered here reduce sulfate in large amounts to obtain energy and expel the resulting sulfide as waste.
  • Electrons and Energy

    • RH (Reducing agent) + NAD+ (Oxidizing agent) → NADH (Reduced) + R (Oxidized)
    • When electrons are added to a compound, the compound is reduced.
    • A compound that reduces another is called a reducing agent.
    • In the above equation, RH is a reducing agent and NAD+ is reduced to NADH.
    • Its reduced form is FADH2.
  • Reducing the costs of operating electric motors

    • The golden rule in reducing the cost of running a motor is to ensure that it's the right-size motor for the job.
  • Reducing Waste and Environmental Impacts

    • Reducing waste by more efficient manufacturing is a key goal of management, with supply chain sustainability seen as a key component.
    • As a result, suppliers reduced GHG emissions by 3,300 metric tons and saved $200,000 in energy costs.
    • In industrial production, using more efficient manufacturing processes and better materials will generally reduce the production of waste.
    • Fourteen companies in Merseyside took part in the Catalyst Project; the project generated overall savings of £9 million and landfill waste was reduced by 12,000 tonnes per year. ).
    • Investment in alternative modes of transportation, such as use of canals and airships, can play an important role in helping companies reduce the cost and environmental impact of their deliveries.
  • Oxidations & Reductions

    • Carbon atoms colored blue are reduced, and those colored red are oxidized.
    • In the addition of hydrogen both carbon atoms are reduced, and the overall reaction is termed a reduction.
    • Addition of HBr reduces one of the double bond carbon atoms and oxidizes the other; consequently, there is no overall redox change in the substrate molecule.
    • Thus, Grignard reagent formation from an alkyl halide reduces the substituted carbon atom.
    • In the following equation and half-reactions the carbon atom (blue) is reduced and the magnesium (magenta) is oxidized.
  • Combination Circuits

    • For more complicated combination circuits, various parts can be identified as series or parallel, reduced to their equivalents, and then further reduced until a single resistance is left, as shown in .
    • Reducing those parallel resistors into a single R value allows us to visualize the circuit in a more simplified manner.
    • We can further reduce that to another R value by adding them.
    • Reducing those highlights that the last two are in series, and thus can be reduced to a single resistance value for the entire circuit.
    • Each is identified and reduced to an equivalent resistance, and these are further reduced until a single equivalent resistance is reached.
  • Promoting Free Trade

    • Government can promote free trade by reducing tariffs, quotas, and non-tariff barriers.
    • Bilateral promotion of free trade is when two countries come to an agreement to reduce barriers together.
    • This solves the problem of one country giving the benefit of reduced barriers to foreign exporters without any promise of similar benefits in return.
    • Multilateral promotion of free trade is when a group of countries agree to reduce their barriers together.
    • There are a number of reasons why governments place tariffs or other barriers to free trade, but they necessarily reduce overall societal welfare.
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