positive symptom

Examples of positive symptom in the following topics:

• Introduction to Schizophrenia and Psychosis

  • The signs and symptoms of schizophrenia are usually divided into two categories: positive and negative.
  • Both positive and negative symptoms are further characterized as motor, behavioral, and mood disturbances.
  • Positive symptoms are disorders of commission, meaning they are something that individuals do or think.
  • Positive symptoms can also be described as behavior that indicates a loss of contact with the external reality experienced by non-psychotic individuals.
  • Positive symptoms tend to be the easiest to recognize.

• Etiology of Schizophrenia

  • It is characterized by a wide variety of symptoms that include both positive symptoms (such as hallucinations and delusions) and negative symptoms (such as lack of emotion or motor control).
  • Additional research has identified two dopamine pathways in particular that are associated with the positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia.
  • The dopamine hypothesis has helped progress the development of antipsychotics, which are drugs that stabilize positive symptoms by blocking dopamine receptors.
  • Increased levels of seratonin are associated with positive symptoms.
  • Glutamate has been theorized to exacerbate hyperactivity and hypoactivity in dopamine pathways, affecting both positive and negative symptoms.

• Neurodevelopmental Disorders: Mental Illnesses

  • Each newly-released version of the DSM contains different symptoms and classifications as researchers learn more about these disorders, their causes, and how they relate to each other.
  • Symptoms of the disease include the inability to differentiate between reality and imagination, inappropriate and unregulated emotional responses, difficulty thinking, and problems with social situations.
  • Symptoms of schizophrenia may be characterized as either "negative" (deficit symptoms) or "positive".
  • Positive symptoms are those that most individuals do not normally experience, but are present in people with schizophrenia.
  • This decrease in dopamine can cause Parkinson's disease-like symptoms in some patients.

• Trichomoniasis

  • Typically, only women experience symptoms associated with Trichomonas infection .
  • Symptoms include inflammation of the cervix (cervicitis), urethra (urethritis), and vagina (vaginitis) which produces an itching or burning sensation.
  • Symptoms usually appear in women within 5 to 28 days of exposure.
  • While symptoms are most common in women, some men may temporarily exhibit symptoms such as an irritation inside the penis, mild discharge or slight burning after urination or ejaculation.
  • Micrograph showing a positive result for trichomoniasis.

• Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)

  • Symptoms of a kidney infection include fever and flank pain usually in addition to the symptoms of a lower UTI.
  • In the very old and the very young, symptoms may be vague or non-specific.
  • Diagnosis in young healthy women can be based on symptoms alone.
  • Phenazopyridine may help with symptoms.
  • In those with benign prostatic hyperplasia urinating in a sitting position appears to improve bladder emptying which might decrease urinary tract infections in this group.

• Bacterial Vaginosis

  • The most common symptom is white or gray discharge, that can be thin, with fish-like odor (especially strong after intercourse).
  • At least three of these tests have to be positive for conclusive diagnosis.
  • Some of the bacteria that will produce BV symptoms are Gardnerella vaginalis, Mobiluncus, Bacteroides, and Mycoplasma.
  • Describe the symptoms, causes and methods of diagnosis for bacterial vaginosis

• Understanding Culture Shock

  • The Honeymoon Phase - As the name implies, the honeymoon phase is primarily a positive experience for those who experience new cultures.
  • These latter symptoms tend to represent the more serious cases of culture shock.
  • Adjustment Phase - In this phase individuals shift back towards a more positive perspective and a higher degree of comfort.
  • Symptoms may include the following:
  • Explain the causes and symptoms an individual struggling with culture shock

• Lyme Disease

  • In 1984, blood tests for Lyme disease became widely available; in 1987, it became a reportable disease, which required physicians to notify the State when a patient tested positive for Lyme disease.
  • Left untreated, later symptoms may involve the joints, heart, and central nervous system.
  • Delayed or inadequate treatment can lead to more serious symptoms, which can be disabling and difficult to treat.
  • Lyme disease can affect multiple body systems and produce a range of symptoms.
  • Not all patients with Lyme disease will have all symptoms, and many of the symptoms are not specific to Lyme disease, but can occur with other diseases as well.

• Peptic Ulcer Disease

  • The diagnosis is mainly established based on the characteristic symptoms.
  • The tests are typically ordered if the symptoms do not resolve after a few weeks of treatment.
  • Tests are also given when first appear in a person who is over age 45 or who has other symptoms such as weight loss, because stomach cancer can cause similar symptoms .
  • If the patient stands erect, as when having a chest x-ray, the gas will float to a position underneath the diaphragm.
  • Treatment of H. pylori usually leads to clearing of infection, relief of symptoms and eventual healing of ulcers.

• Viroids

  • Trees infected with the viroid often show no symptoms other than a reduction in yield.
  • It is thought the positive RNA strand acts as a template to form negative strands with the help of an enzyme thought to be RNA polymerase II.
  • A second rolling circle mechanism forms a positive strand which is also cleaved by ribozyme activity and then ligated to become circular.
  • Trees infected with the viroid often show no symptoms other than a reduction in yield.
  • Symptoms in the leaf are uncommon, but include bleached veins and petioles.