fusion

Chemistry

(noun)

A nuclear reaction in which nuclei combine to form more massive nuclei with the concomitant release of energy and often neutrons.

Related Terms

  • thermonuclear
  • nuclear weapon
  • fission
Physics

(noun)

A nuclear reaction in which nuclei combine to form more massive nuclei with the concomitant release of energy.

Related Terms

  • warfare
  • nucleosynthesis
  • fission
  • electromagnetic radiation
  • nucleon

Examples of fusion in the following topics:

  • Fusion Reactors

    • A fusion reactor is designed to use the thermal energy from nuclear fusion to produce electricity.
    • Fusion power is the power generated by nuclear fusion processes.
    • To harness fusion power, a fusion reactor must be built to turn the energy released by fusion into electricity.
    • It was first derived for fusion reactors by John D.
    • State the Lawson criterion for a fusion reactor to be viable
  • Nuclear Fusion

    • In nuclear fusion two or more atomic nuclei collide at very high speed and join, forming a new nucleus.
    • The fusion of lighter elements in stars releases energy and mass.
    • Research into controlled fusion, with the aim of producing fusion power for the production of electricity, has been conducted for over 60 years.
    • At present, controlled fusion reactions have been unable to produce self-sustaining controlled fusion reactions.
    • Analyze possibility of the use of nuclear fusion for the production of electricity.
  • The Hydrogen Bomb

    • The hydrogen bomb is a nuclear weapon that uses a mixture of fission and fusion to produce a massive explosion.
    • A thermonuclear weapon is a nuclear weapon designed to use the heat generated by a fission bomb to compress a nuclear fusion stage.
    • This type of weapon is referred to as a hydrogen bomb, or H-bomb, because it employs hydrogen fusion.
    • Oddly, in most applications, the majority of its destructive energy comes from uranium fission, not hydrogen fusion alone.
    • Radiation from a primary fission bomb compresses a secondary section containing both fission and fusion fuel.
  • Nuclear Fusion

    • Fusion is the process that powers active stars, releasing large quantities of energy.
    • Therefore, energy is no longer released when such nuclei are made by fusion; instead, energy is absorbed.
    • The fusion of lighter elements in stars releases energy, as well as the mass that always accompanies it.
    • A substantial energy barrier of electrostatic forces must be overcome before fusion can occur.
    • Therefore, the main technical difficulty for fusion is getting the nuclei close enough to fuse.
  • Endosymbiotic Theory and the Evolution of Eukaryotes

    • Genome fusion occurs during endosymbiosis, which is the mechanism proposed as responsible for the first eukaryotic cells.
    • Within the past decade, the process of genome fusion by endosymbiosis has been proposed to be responsible for the evolution of the first eukaryotic cells .
    • An endosymbiotic fusion event would clearly explain this observation.
    • More controversial is the proposal that (a) the eukaryotic nucleus resulted from the fusion of archaeal and bacterial genomes; and that (b) Gram-negative bacteria, which have two membranes, resulted from the fusion of Archaea and Gram-positive bacteria, each of which has a single membrane.
    • Describe the genome fusion hypothesis and its relationship to the evolution of eukaryotes
  • HIV Attachment and Host Cell Entry

    • The attachment and fusion of HIV virons to host cells are crucial to HIV infection.
    • The first step in fusion begins after the attachment of the CD4 binding domains of gp120 to CD4.
    • This allows for a more stable two-pronged attachment, which allows the N-terminal fusion peptide gp41 to penetrate the cell membrane.
    • This loop structure brings the virus and cell membranes close together, allowing fusion of the membranes and subsequent entry of the viral capsid.
    • The attachment and fusion of HIV virons to host cells are crucial to allowing HIV infection to occur.
  • Conservation of Nucleon Number and Other Laws

    • Through radioactive decay, nuclear fusion and nuclear fission, the number of nucleons (sum of protons and neutrons) is always held constant.
    • Finally, nuclear fusion follows the Law of Conservation of Nucleon Number.
    • Consider the fusion of deuterium and tritium (both hydrogen isotopes):
    • It is well understood that the tremendous amounts of energy released by nuclear fission and fusion can be attributed to the conversion of mass to energy.
    • Thus, the number of nucleons before and after fission and fusion is always constant.
  • Ankylosing Spondylitis

    • Ankylosing spondylitis is a chronic inflammatory, autoimmune disease that results in joint fusion in the vertebrae and the sacroiliac joint.
    • It mainly affects joints in the spine and the sacroiliac joint in the pelvis, and can cause eventual fusion of the spine .
    • Complete fusion results in complete rigidity of the spine, a condition known as "bamboo spine. "
  • Reporter Fusions

    • A reporter fusion is the hybrid of a gene or portion of a gene with a tractable marker.
    • In these cases the reporter is directly attached to the gene of interest to create a gene fusion.
    • As you can see the localization of the fused protein can now be determined using fluorescent reporter fusions.
  • Nuclear Weapons

    • A nuclear weapon is an explosive device that derives its destructive force from nuclear reactions—either fission, fusion, or a combination.
    • A nuclear weapon is an explosive device that derives its destructive force from nuclear reactions, either fission or a combination of fission and fusion.
    • The first fusion (i.e., thermonuclear "hydrogen") bomb test released the same amount of energy as approximately 10,000,000 tons of TNT.
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