diamond

Examples of diamond in the following topics:

• Resource Control

  • De Beers had a monopoly over the production of diamonds for most of the 20th century, and it used its dominant position to manipulate the international diamond market.
  • De Beers also purchased and stockpiled diamonds produced by other manufacturers in order to control prices through supply.
  • The De Beers model changed at the turn of the 21st century, when diamond producers from Russia, Canada, and Australia started to distribute diamonds outside of the De Beers channel.
  • The sale of diamonds also suffered from rising awareness about blood diamonds.
  • For most of the 20th century, De Beers had monopoly power over the world market for diamonds.

• Allotropes of Carbon

  • Diamond is probably the most well known carbon allotrope.
  • Each carbon atom in a diamond is covalently bonded to four other carbons in a tetrahedron.
  • As a result, diamond exhibits the highest hardness and thermal conductivity of any bulk material.
  • Diamonds do not generally react with any chemical reagents, including strong acids and bases.
  • Uses of diamond include cutting, drilling, and grinding; jewelry; and in the semi-conductor industry.

• Covalent Crystals

  • Diamond is also an allotrope of carbon.
  • Diamond cannot be melted; above 1700 °C it is converted to graphite, the more stable form of carbon.
  • The diamond unit cell is face-centered cubic and contains eight carbon atoms.
  • Its structure is very much like that of diamond, with every other carbon replaced by silicon.
  • Cubic boron nitride is the second-hardest material, after diamond.

• Cost-Based Pricing

  • For example, consider the hypothetical company Diamond Deliveries.
  • The bicycle divi­sion, which management thought of as Diamond's core business, gen­erated just 10% of total revenues and barely covered its own direct labor and insurance costs.
  • Diamond was charging customers $4.69 per job.

• Probabilities when events are not disjoint

  • (a) What is the probability that a randomly selected card is a diamond?
  • The Venn diagram in Figure 2.4 uses a circle to represent diamonds and another to represent face cards.
  • If a card is both a diamond and a face card, it falls into the intersection of the circles.
  • The total number of cards that are diamonds is given by the total number of cards in the diamonds circle: 10 + 3 = 13.
  • 2.13: (a)There are 52 cards and 13 diamonds.

• Lab 1: Discrete Distribution (Playing Card Experiment)

  • The theorectical probability of picking a diamond from a deck is: _________
  • Let X = number of diamonds.
  • Record the number of diamonds picked for your class in the chart below.

• Other Barriers to Entry

  • For example, De Beers controls the vast majority of the world's diamond reserves, allowing only a certain number of diamonds to be mined each year and keeping the price of diamonds high .
  • De Beers controls the majority of the world's diamond reserves, preventing other players from entering the industry and setting a high price for diamonds.

• The t distribution for the difference of two means exercises

  • For example, the difference between the size of a 0.99 carat diamond and a 1 carat diamond is undetectable to the naked human eye, but the price of a 1 carat diamond tends to be much higher than the price of a 0.99 diamond.
  • In this question we use two random samples of diamonds, 0.99 carats and 1 carat, each sample of size 23, and compare the average prices of the diamonds.
  • That is, for a 0.99 carat diamond, we divide the price by 99.
  • For a 1 carat diamond, we divide the price by 100.
  • In Exercise 5.26, we discussed diamond prices (standardized by weight) for diamonds with weights 0.99 carats and 1 carat.

• Properties of Carbon

  • Interestingly, carbon allotropes span a wide range of physical properties: diamond is the hardest naturally occurring substance, and graphite is one of the softest known substances.
  • Diamond is transparent, the ultimate abrasive, and can be an electrical insulator and thermal conductor.
  • Allotropes of carbon are not limited to diamond and graphite, but also include buckyballs (fullerenes), amorphous carbon, glassy carbon, carbon nanofoam, nanotubes, and others.
  • Some allotropes of carbon: a) diamond, b) graphite, c) lonsdaleite, d–f) fullerenes (C60, C540, C70); g) amorphous carbon, h) carbon nanotube.

• Hess's Law

  • Turning graphite into diamond requires extremely high temperatures and pressures, and therefore is impractical in a laboratory setting.