cord-markings

Examples of cord-markings in the following topics:

• Ceramics in the Jomon Period

  • Nomadic hunter-gatherers who later practiced organized farming and built cities, the Jōmon people are named for the "cord-markings"—impressions made by pressing rope into the clay before it was heated to approximately 600-900 degrees Celsius—that were found as decorations on pottery of this time.
  • In the Middle Jōmon period (3000-2000 BCE), simple decorations on the pottery (created with cord or through scratching) gave way to highly elaborate designs.

• Embryological and Fetal Events

  • The portions that lie in the genital cord fuse to form the uterus and vagina.
  • The parts outside this cord remain separate and each forms the corresponding Fallopian tube.
  • About the fifth month a ring-like constriction marks the position of the cervix of the uterus, and after the sixth month the walls of the uterus begin to thicken.
  • A ring-like outgrowth of this epithelium occurs at the lower end of the uterus and marks the future vaginal fornix.
  • Cords of the central mass run together and form a network that becomes the rete testis, and another network, that develops the seminiferous tubules.

• General Characteristics of the Spine

  • The spine is made of vertebrae that link together to protect the spinal cord.
  • It protects the spinal cord and provides a key attachment point for numerous muscle groups.
  • The cervical curve covers the region between vertebrae C1 and T2, it is the least marked of all the spinal curves.
  • The lumbar curve covers the region between vertebrae T12 and L5 and is more marked in the females than in males due to differences in pelvic structure.

• Medulla Oblongata

  • The medulla oblongata controls autonomic functions and connects the higher levels of the brain to the spinal cord.
  • The region between the anterolateral and posterolateral sulcus in the upper part of the medulla is marked by a swelling known as the olivary body, caused by a large mass of gray matter known as the inferior olivary nucleus.
  • The lower part of the medulla, immediately lateral to the fasciculus cuneatus, is marked by another longitudinal elevation known as the tuberculum cinereum.
  • The base of the medulla is defined by the commissural fibers, crossing over from the ipsilateral side in the spinal cord to the contralateral side in the brain stem; below this is the spinal cord.
  • The medulla oblongata controls autonomic functions and connects the higher levels of the brain to the spinal cord.

• Spinal Cord

  • A cross-section of the spinal cord looks like a white oval containing a gray butterfly-shape .
  • The spinal cord also controls motor reflexes.
  • In the United States, there around 10,000 spinal cord injuries each year.
  • Because the spinal cord is the information superhighway connecting the brain with the body, damage to the spinal cord can lead to paralysis.
  • The extent of the paralysis depends on the location of the injury along the spinal cord and whether the spinal cord was completely severed.

• Overview of the Spinal Cord

  • The brain and spinal cord together make up the central nervous system (CNS).
  • The dura mater is the outermost layer of spinal cord tissue, forming a tough protective coating.
  • The spinal cord is divided into cervical, thoracic, and lumbar regions.
  • The nerves of the lumbosacral spinal cord supply the pelvic region, legs, and feet.
  • Thirty-one pairs of spinal nerves (sensory and motor) branch from the human spinal cord.

• Spinal Cord Trauma

  • A spinal cord injury (SCI) refers to any injury to the spinal cord that is caused by trauma and not disease.
  • A spinal cord injury (SCI) refers to any injury to the spinal cord that is caused by trauma instead of disease.
  • An incomplete spinal cord injury involves preservation of motor or sensory function below the level of injury in the spinal cord.
  • Because the spinal cord is so dependent on the structural integrity of the spine, if anything happens to the spine, the cord can be crushed or severed.
  • Autonomic dysreflexia (AD) occurs most often in spinal cord-injured individuals with spinal lesions above the T6 spinal cord level, although, it has been known to occur in patients with a lesion as low as T10.

• Spinal Cord Compression

  • Spinal cord compression occurs when the spinal cord is compressed by bone fragments.
  • Spinal cord compression develops when the spinal cord is compressed by bone fragments from a vertebral fracture, a tumor, abscess, ruptured intervertebral disc, or other lesion .
  • The most common causes of cord compression are tumors, but abscesses and granulomas (e.g. in tuberculosis) are equally capable of producing the syndrome.
  • Dexamethasone (a potent glucocorticoid) in doses of 16 mg/day may reduce edema around the lesion and protect the cord from injury.
  • In spinal cord compression, the spinal cord (shown here) may be compressed by bone fragments from a vertebral fracture, a tumor, abscess, ruptured intervertebral disc, or other lesion.

• Larynx

  • The larynx extends vertically from the tip of the epiglottis to the border of the cricoid cartilage that marks the formal beginning of the trachea.
  • The two sets of folds are separated by the vocal ligament, with the false vocal folds above, and the true vocal cords below the ligament.
  • The true vocal folds are often referred to as the vocal cords, however the folds technically aren't cords.

• Spina Bifida

  • Some vertebrae overlying the spinal cord are not fully formed and remain unfused and open.
  • The protruded portion of the spinal cord and the nerves that originate at that level of the cord are damaged or not properly developed .
  • As a result, there is usually some degree of paralysis and loss of sensation below the level of the spinal cord defect.
  • The spinal cord lesion or the scarring due to surgery may result in a tethered spinal cord.
  • In some individuals, this causes significant traction and stress on the spinal cord.