conjugation

Examples of conjugation in the following topics:

• Zygomycota: The Conjugated Fungi

  • Zygomycota, a small group in the fungi kingdom, can reproduce asexually or sexually, in a process called conjugation.
  • This form of sexual reproduction in fungi is called conjugation (although it differs markedly from conjugation in bacteria and protists), giving rise to the name "conjugated fungi".
  • In the sexual life cycle, plus and minus mating types conjugate to form a zygosporangium.

• Prokaryotic Reproduction

  • Prokaryotes reproduce asexually by binary fission; they can also exchange genetic material by transformation, transduction, and conjugation.
  • In conjugation, DNA is transferred from one prokaryote to another by means of a pilus, which brings the organisms into contact with one another.
  • In (c) conjugation, DNA is transferred from one cell to another via a mating bridge that connects the two cells after the pilus draws the two bacteria close enough to form the bridge.

• Chromalveolata: Alveolates

  • Paramecium and most other ciliates reproduce sexually by conjugation.
  • Fusion of the haploid micronuclei generates a completely novel diploid pre-micronucleus in each conjugative cell.
  • Two cell divisions then yield four new paramecia from each original conjugative cell.

• Genomic Similiarities between Distant Species

  • Classically, this type of transfer has been thought to occur by three different mechanisms: transformation, transduction and conjugation.

• pH, Buffers, Acids, and Bases

  • Buffers usually consist of a weak acid and its conjugate base; this enables them to readily absorb excess H+ or OH–, keeping the system's pH within a narrow range.

• Characteristics of Prokaryotic Cells

  • Pili are used to exchange genetic material during a type of reproduction called conjugation.

• Horizontal Gene Transfer

  • Conjugation: the use a hollow tube called a pilus to transfer genes between organisms.