column

(noun)

a solid upright structure designed usually to support a larger structure above it, such as a roof or horizontal beam, but sometimes for decoration

Related Terms

  • decursio
  • apotheosis

Examples of column in the following topics:

  • Temple Architecture in the Greek Archaic Period

    • Such aligned columns were referred to as columns in antis.
    • Doric columns are also noted for the presence of entasis, or bulges in the middle of the column shaft.
    • It is peripteral, with nine columns across its short ends and 18 columns along each side.
    • In this example, the temple was fronted by six columns, with 14 columns along its length.
    • Its colonnade has six columns across its width and twelve columns down its length.
  • Victory Columns under the Nervan-Antonines

    • Standing between the libraries of the Forum of Trajan is a 128 foot tall victory column, known as the Column of Trajan .
    • In a spiral relief that wraps around the column, from its bottom to its top, is a 625 foot frieze depicting Trajan's two military campaigns against the Dacians.
    • Trajan's victory column was originally topped by an eagle and later with a statue of Trajan.
    • It is uncertain how much of the column's relief Romans would have been able to see; there's some speculation whether knowledge of the idea of the narrative was more important than being physically able to read the narrative.
    • Detail of five registers or bands from the Column of Trajan.
  • The Antonines

    • A victory column was also erected for Marcus Aurelius .
    • A relief frieze encircles the column and depicts his military campaigns at the end of his life in Germania.
    • Despite the similar military scenes, the artistic style of the Column of Marcus Aurelius differs greatly from the Column of Trajan.
    • The figures in this column are stockier and their proportions are distorted.
    • Scene of Antoninus Pius and his wife Faustina on the pedestal of the Column of Antoninus Pius.
  • Architecture in the Hellenistic Period

    • Examples include slender and unfluted Doric columns and four-fronted capitals on Ionic columns, the latter of which helped to solve design problems concerning symmetry on temple porticos.
    • On second level Ionic columns lined the exterior, and columns with a simple, stylized capital lined the interior.
    • The order's columns are slender and fluted and sit atop a base.
    • The design was eventually changed to have three rows of eight columns across the front and back of the temple and a double row of twenty on the flanks, for a total of 104 columns.
    • The columns stand 55.5 feet high and 6.5 feet in diameter.
  • Characteristics of Romanesque Architecture

    • Romanesque design is also characterized by the presence of arches and openings, arcades, columns, and vaults and roofs.
    • Columns were often used in Romanesque architecture.
    • These huge untapered columns were sometimes ornamented with incised decorations.
    • The most simple form that this takes is to have a column between each adjoining pier.
    • Sometimes the columns are in multiples of two or three.
  • Post-and-Lintel Construction

    • Post-and-lintel architecture is a fundamental structural system in which a horizontal header is supported by two vertical columns.
    • Post-and-lintel, or trabeated architecture, is a simple construction method using a header (lintel) as the horizontal member supported at its ends by two vertical columns or pillars (posts).
    • The first is where the lintel meets the post, which compresses the columns.
  • Temple Architecture in the Greek Orientalizing Period

    • By adding columns to this small basic structure, the Greeks triggered the development and variety of their temple architecture.
    • Its plan was similar to the anta design with a third column in the center in front of the doorway.
    • The columns were very simple rectangular (as opposed to cylindrical) blocks with very thin bases and capitals.
    • Unlike Minoan columns, the shafts of the columns of Temple A did not taper; rather, their width remained constant for the entire length.
    • Two columns marked the entrance to the inner chamber.
  • Architecture in the Greek High Classical Period

    • The columns became more slender, and the entablature lighter during this period.
    • In the mid-fifth century BCE, the Corinthian column is believed to have made its debut.
    • It was decided that the ideal number of columns would be determined by a formula in which twice the number of columns across the front of the temple plus one was the number of columns down each side (2x + 1 = y).
    • Interestingly, the temple has only one Corinthian column, located in the center of the naos.
    • Externally, 20 Doric columns supported a frieze with triglyphs and metopes.
  • Steel-Frame Construction

    • Steel frame construction is a building technique in which vertical steel columns and horizontal I-beams form a 'skeleton frame'.
    • Steel frame usually refers to a building technique with a 'skeleton frame' of vertical steel columns and horizontal I-beams, constructed in a rectangular grid to support the floors, roof, and walls of a building which are all attached to the frame.
    • In steel frame construction, steel beams are connected to the columns with bolts and threaded fasteners, like screws, or permanent mechanical fasteners, called rivets.
    • Steel columns can be protected by encasing them in some form of fire resistant structure such as masonry, concrete or plasterboard, or spraying them with a coating to insulate them from the heat of the fire.
  • Renaissance Architecture

    • The primary features of sixteenth-century structures, which fused classical Roman technique with Renaissance aesthetics, were based in several foundational architectural concepts: facades, columns and pilasters, arches, vaults, domes, windows, and walls.
    • The columns and windows show a progression towards the center One of the first true Renaissance façades was the Cathedral of Pienza (1459–62), which has been attributed to the Florentine architect Bernardo Gambarelli (known as Rossellino).
    • Renaissance architects also incorporated columns and pilasters, using the Roman orders of columns (Tuscan, Doric, Ionic, Corinthian, and Composite) as models .
    • During the Renaissance, architects aimed to use columns, pilasters, and entablatures as an integrated system.
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