accrued expense

(noun)

Accrued expense is a liability with an uncertain timing or amount, the reason being no invoice has been received yet.

Related Terms

  • matching principle
  • deferred expense
  • accrued revenue

Examples of accrued expense in the following topics:

  • Differences Between Accrued and Deferred Expenses

    • Accrued and deferred expenses represent the two possibilities that can occur due to timing differences under the matching principle.
    • Accrued expenses and deferred expenses are two examples of mismatches between when expenses are recognized under the matching principle and when those expenses are actually paid.
    • An accrued expense is a liability that represents an expense that has been recognized but not yet paid.
    • A deferred expense is an asset that represents a prepayment of future expenses that have not yet been incurred.
    • Accrued and deferred expenses are both listed on a company's balance sheet.
  • Importance of Recognition and Measurement

    • Accrued expense allows matching future costs of products to the proceeds from their sales prior to paying out such costs.
    • Accrued expenses are a liability with an uncertain timing or amount; the uncertainty is not significant enough to qualify it as a provision.
    • One example would be an obligation to pay for goods or services received from a counterpart, while the cash is paid out in a later accounting period—when its amount is deducted from accrued expenses.
    • Accrued expenses shares characteristics with deferred revenue.
    • Deferred expenses share characteristics with accrued revenue.
  • Terminology of Accounting

    • The cash basis of accounting, or cash receipts and disbursements method, records revenue when cash is received and expenses when they are paid in cash.
    • Accrual accounts include, among others, accounts payable, accounts receivable, goodwill, deferred tax liability and future interest expense.
    • The term accrual is also often used as an abbreviation for the terms accrued expense and accrued revenue.
    • Accrued revenue (or accrued assets) is an asset, such as unpaid proceeds from a delivery of goods or services, when such income is earned and a related revenue item is recognized, while cash is to be received in a later period, when the amount is deducted from accrued revenues.
    • An example of an accrued expense is a pending obligation to pay for goods or services received from a counterpart, while cash is to be paid out in a latter accounting period when the amount is deducted from accrued expenses.
  • Adjustments

    • Expiration of insuranceInsurance expense 200 Prepaid insurance 200b.
    • The adjusting entry would credit the asset (e.g. supplies) account and debit a related expense account (e.g. supplies expense)
    • Accruals - accrued revenues are revenues that have been recognized (that is, services have been performed or goods have been delivered), but their cash payment have not yet been recorded or received.
    • Accrued expenses have not yet been paid for, so they are recorded in a payable account.
    • Expenses for interest, taxes, rent, and salaries are commonly accrued for reporting purposes.
  • Reversing Entries

    • Most often, the entries reverse accrued revenues or expenses for the previous period.
    • To get the expense correct in the general ledger, an adjusting entry is made at the end of the month A for half of the interest expense.
    • This adjusting entry records months A's portion of the interest expense with a journal entry that debits interest expense and credits interest payable.
    • At the beginning of the month B that expense is reversed via a reversing entry.
    • The entry credits interest expense and debits interest payable.
  • Bonds Payable and Interest Expense

    • Journal entries are required to record initial value and subsequent interest expense as the issuer pays coupon payments to the bondholder.
    • The income statement for each of the 10 years (2010-2018) would show Bond Interest Expense of USD 12,000 (USD 6,000 X 2); the balance sheet at the end of each of the years (2010-2018) would report bonds payable of USD 100,000 in long-term liabilities.
    • Valley must make an adjusting entry on December 31 to accrue interest for November and December.
    • Each year Valley would make similar entries for the semiannual payments and the year-end accrued interest.
  • Differences Between Accrual-Basis and Cash-Basis Accounting

    • Expenses incurred in the same period in which revenues are earned are also accrued for with a journal entry.
    • Just like revenues, the recording of the expense is unrelated to the payment of cash.
    • An expense account is debited and a cash or liability account is credited.
    • The cash method of accounting recognizes revenue and expenses when cash is exchanged.
    • Just like revenues, expenses are recognized and recorded when cash is paid.
  • Recognizing Notes Receivable

    • In accounting, notes receivables are accounts to keep track of accrued assets that have been earned but not yet received.
    • In accounting, notes receivables are accounts to keep track of accrued assets that have been earned but not yet received.
    • We also call these adjustments 'accrued revenues' because the revenues must be recorded.
    • The change in the bad debt provision from year to year is posted to the bad debt expense account in the income statement.
    • The entry would consist of debiting a bad debt expense account and crediting the respective accounts receivable in the sales ledger.
  • Valuing Notes Receivable

    • Accrued revenue (or accrued assets) is an asset such as proceeds from a delivery of goods or services, at which such income item is earned and the related revenue item is recognized, while cash for them is to be received in a latter accounting period.
    • At that point its amount is deducted from accrued revenues.
    • The entry would consist of debiting a bad debt expense account and crediting the respective accounts receivable in the sales ledger.
  • Gain Contingencies

    • If the gain is probable and quantifiable, the gain is not accrued for financial reporting purposes, but it can be disclosed in the notes to financial statements.
    • Most accounting principles follow the conservative constraint, which encourages the immediate disclosure of losses and expenses on the income statement.
    • Thus, for a gain contingency, only a realized gain is accrued for and disclosed on the income statement.
    • However these gains should only be accrued when the gain is realized.
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