Personal Protective Equipment

Dental health care personnel should wear a surgical mask that covers both their nose and mouth during procedures that are likely to generate splashes or sprays of blood or body fluids and while manually cleaning instruments. A surgical mask also protects the patient from microorganisms generated by the wearer. When a surgical mask is used, it should be changed between patients or during patient treatment if it becomes wet.

Dental health care personnel should wear protective eyewear with solid side shields or a face shield during procedures likely to generate splashes or sprays of blood or body fluids or the spatter of debris. Reusable protective eyewear should be cleaned with soap and water, and when visibly soiled, disinfected between patients.

Dental health care personnel (DHCP) should wear protective clothing (e.g., gowns, jackets) to prevent contamination of street clothing and to protect the skin from exposure to blood and body fluids. Sleeves should be long enough to protect the forearms. Protective clothing should be changed when it becomes visibly soiled by blood or other body fluids. DHCP should remove protective clothing before leaving the work area.

Dental health care personnel wear gloves to prevent contamination of their hands when touching mucous membranes, blood, saliva, or other potentially infectious materials and to reduce the likelihood that microorganisms on their hands will be transmitted to patients during patient care. Gloves should be used for one patient only and discarded appropriately after use. Gloves should not be washed for reuse. Always perform hand hygiene immediately after glove removal. Glove users should consult the glove manufacturer about the compatibility of glove material with various chemicals.

No. Gloves may have small defects that are hard to see or may be torn during use, and hands can become contaminated during removal of gloves. In addition, bacteria can multiply rapidly in moist environments underneath gloves; thus, dental health care personnel should make sure hands are dry before putting on gloves. Hand hygiene should be performed immediately before after removing gloves. If the integrity of a glove is compromised (e.g., if the glove is punctured), the glove should be changed as soon as possible.

The type of glove used should be based on the type of procedure to be performed (e.g., surgical vs. nonsurgical, housekeeping procedures). Medical-grade nonsterile examination gloves and sterile surgical gloves are regulated by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as medical devices. Sterile surgical gloves must meet FDA standards for sterility assurance and are less likely than nonsterile examination gloves to harbor pathogens that may contaminate an operative wound. General purpose utility gloves are not regulated by FDA because they are not promoted for medical use.

Modified from Miller CH and Palenik CJ (2010).