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Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances (RTECS)

Ethane, hexachloro-

RTECS #

KI4025000

CAS #

67-72-1

Updated

September 201

Molecular Weight

236.72

Molecular Formula

C2Cl6

Synonyms

1,1,1,2,2,2-Hexachloroethane
Avlothane
Carbon hexachloride
Distokal
Distopan
Distopin
Egitol
Ethane hexachloride
Ethylene hexachloride
Falkitol
Fasciolin
Hexachlor-aethan (German)
Hexachlorethane
Hexachloroethane
Hexachloroethane (ACGIH:OSHA)
Hexachloroethylene
Mottenhexe
NCI-C04604
Perchloroethane
Phenohep
RCRA waste number U131

Mutation Data and Reference

System TestRoute/Organism/TissueDoseReference
other mutation test systemsoral/mouse1 gm/kgMUREAV 343,157,1995
sister chromatid exchangeovary/hamster330 mg/LEMMUEG 10(Suppl 10),1,1987

Reproductive Effects Data and References

Route/OrganismDoseEffectReference
oral/rat 5500 mg/kg (6-16D pregnant)Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Litter size (e.g., # fetuses per litter; measured before birth)

Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Other measures of fertility		AIHAAP 40,187,1979

Tumorigenic Data and References

Route/OrganismDoseEffectReference
oral/mouse lowest published toxic dose: 230 gm/kg/78W- intermittentTumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria

Liver: Tumors		NCITR* NCI-TR-68,1978
oral/mouse toxic dose: 460 gm/kg/78W- intermittentTumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria

Liver: Tumors		NCITR* NCI-TR-68,1978
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 10300 mg/kg/103W- intermittentTumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Kidney tumors		NTIS** PB90-170895/AS
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 5150 mg/kg/103W- intermittentTumorigenic: Neoplastic by RTECS criteria

Endocrine: Adrenal cortex tumors		NTIS** PB90-170895/AS
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 10300 mg/kg/2Y- continuousTumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria

Liver: Tumors		NTPTR* NTP-TR-361,1989

Acute Toxicity Data and References

Route/OrganismDoseEffectReference
inhalation/rat Lowest published lethal concentration: 5900 ppm/8HBehavioral: Muscle weaknessAIHAAP 40,187,1979
intraperitoneal/mouse lethal dose (50 percent kill): 4.5 mg/kgVCVGH* -,392,1990
intraperitoneal/rat lowest published lethal dose: 2900 mg/kgAIHAAP 40,187,1979
intravenous/Dog lowest published lethal dose: 325 mg/kgQJPPAL 7,205,1934
oral/guinea pig lethal dose (50 percent kill): 4970 mg/kgAIHAAP 40,187,1979
oral/rabbit Lethal dose: >1 gm/kgAIHAAP 40,187,1979
oral/rat lethal dose (50 percent kill): 4460 mg/kgAIHAAP 40,187,1979
skin/rabbit lethal dose (50 percent kill): 32 gm/kgAIHAAP 40,187,1979
subcutaneous/rabbit lowest published lethal dose: 4 gm/kgQJPPAL 7,205,1934

Other Multiple Dose Data and References

Route/OrganismDoseEffectReference
inhalation/guinea pig lowest published toxic concentration: 260 ppm/6H/6W- intermittentLiver: Changes in liver weight

Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field		AIHAAP 40,187,1979
inhalation/rat lowest published toxic concentration: 260 ppm/6H/6W- intermittentKidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in bladder weight

Endocrine: Changes in spleen weight

Related to Chronic Data: Changes in testicular weight		AIHAAP 40,187,1979
oral/rabbit lowest published toxic dose: 12 gm/kg/12D- continuousLiver: Other changes

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain		AIHAAP 40,187,1979
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 6944 mg/kg/16W- continuousLiver: Changes in liver weight

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis)

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in bladder weight		DCTODJ 8,155,1985
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 9 gm/kg/16D- intermittentRelated to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type fieldNTPTR* NTP-TR-361,1989
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 48750 mg/kg/13W- intermittentBrain and Coverings: Changes in brain weight

Liver: Changes in liver weight

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in bladder weight		NTPTR* NTP-TR-361,1989

Reviews

OrganizationStandardReference
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH)Threshold Limit Value-time-weighted average 1 ppm (skin)DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2013
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH)Threshold Limit Value-Confirmed animal carcinogenDTLVS* TLV/BEI,2013
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)Cancer Review:Animal Limited EvidenceIMEMDT 20,467,1979
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)Cancer Review:Animal Sufficient EvidenceIMEMDT 73,295,1999
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)Cancer Review:Human No Adequate DataIMEMDT 20,467,1979
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)Cancer Review:Human Inadequate EvidenceIMEMDT 73,295,1999
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)Cancer Review:Group 2BIMEMDT 73,295,1999
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWAIHAAP 40(3),A46,1979
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWMUREAV 543,201,2003
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWTXCYAC 196,1,2004
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWMUREAV 627,59,2007
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWMUREAV 584,1,2005
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWTOPADD 33,517,2005
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWREPTED 26,13,2008
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWMUREAV 682,94,2009
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWMUREAV 653,99,2008

Standards and Regulations

OrganizationStandardReference
Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) STANDARD-airtime-weighted average 1 ppm (10 mg/m3) (skin)DTLVS* 3,124,1971
Occupational Exposure Limit IN ARGENTINA, BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN check ACGIH TLV;
Occupational Exposure Limit IN SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV
Occupational Exposure Limit-AUSTRALIAtime-weighted average 1 ppm (9.7 mg/m3), JUL2008
Occupational Exposure Limit-AUSTRIAMAK-TMW 1 ppm (10 mg/m3), 2007
Occupational Exposure Limit-BELGIUMtime-weighted average 1 ppm (9.8 mg/m3), Skin, MAR2002
Occupational Exposure Limit-DENMARKtime-weighted average 1 ppm (10 mg/m3), skin, carc, MAY2011
Occupational Exposure Limit-FINLANDtime-weighted average 1 ppm (9.8 mg/m3), short term exposure limit 3 ppm (29 mg/m3), NOV2011
Occupational Exposure Limit-FRANCEVME 1 ppm, VLE 10 ppm, FEB2006
Occupational Exposure Limit-GERMANYMAK 1 ppm (9.8 mg/m3), 2011
Occupational Exposure Limit-ICELANDtime-weighted average 1 ppm (10 mg/m3), skin, NOV2011
Occupational Exposure Limit-KOREAtime-weighted average 1 ppm (10 mg/m3), 2006
Occupational Exposure Limit-MEXICOtime-weighted average 1 ppm (10 mg/m3), 2004
Occupational Exposure Limit-NEW ZEALANDtime-weighted average 1 ppm (9.7 mg/m3), skin, JAN2002
Occupational Exposure Limit-PERUtime-weighted average 1 ppm (9,7 mg/m3), JUL2005
Occupational Exposure Limit-POLANDMAC(time-weighted average) 10 mg/m3, MAC(short term exposure limit) 30 mg/m3, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit-SWITZERLANDMAK-week 1 ppm (10 mg/m3), KZG-week 2 ppm (20 mg/m3), skin, JAN2011
Occupational Exposure Limit-THE NETHERLANDSMAC-TGG 10 mg/m3, 2003
Occupational Exposure Limit-THE PHILIPPINEStime-weighted average 1 ppm (10 mg/m3), Skin, JAN1993
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Construction)8H time-weighted average 1 ppm (10 mg/m3) (skin)CFRGBR 29,1926.55,1994
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Federal Contractors)8H time-weighted average 1 ppm (10 mg/m3) (skin)CFRGBR 41,50-204.50,1994
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (General Industry)8H time-weighted average 1 ppm (10 mg/m3) (skin)CFRGBR 29,1910.1000,1994
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Shipyards)8H time-weighted average 1 ppm (10 mg/m3) (skin)CFRGBR 29,1915.1000,1993

NIOSH Documentation and Surveillance

OrganizationStandardReference
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Recommended Exposure Level TO HEXACHLOROETHANE-air8H Carcinogen time-weighted average 1 ppmNIOSH* DHHS #92-100,1992
National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983Hazard Code 17385; Number of Industries 12; Total Number of Facilities 170; Number of Occupations 23; Total Number of Employees Exposed 8516; Total Number of Female Employees Exposed 576
National Occupational Hazard Survey 1974Hazard Code 17385; Number of Industries 5; Total Number of Facilities 219; Number of Occupations 9; Total Number of Employees Exposed 1488

Status in Federal Agencies

OrganizationReference
ATSDR TOXICOLOGY PROFILE (NTIS** PB/98/101041/AS)
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Negative: Histidine reversion-Ames test; S cerevisiae-homozygosis
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive/limited: Carcinogenicity-mouse/rat
EPA TSCA 8(a) PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT INFORMATION, PROPOSED RULEFEREAC 47,27009,82
EPA TSCA Section 8(b) CHEMICAL INVENTORY
EPA TSCA Section 8(d) unpublished health/safety studies
EPA TSCA TEST SUBMISSION (TSCATS) DATA BASE, JANUARY 2001
NCI Carcinogenesis Bioassay (gavage);no evidence:ratNCITR* NCI-TR-68,1978
NCI Carcinogenesis Studies (gavage);clear evidence:rat
NIOSH Analytical Method, 1994: Hydrocarbons, halogenated, 1003
NIOSH CURRENT INTELLIGENCE BULLETIN 27, 1978
NTP 11th Report on Carcinogens,2004:Reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen
NTP Carcinogenesis Studies (gavage);clear evidence:rat NTPTR* NTP-TR-361,1989
NTP Toxicity studies, RPT# TOX-45, October 2000
On EPA IRIS database

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