Montgomery Bus Boycott

Examples of Montgomery Bus Boycott in the following topics:

• Montgomery and Protests

  • The Montgomery Bus Boycott was a protest campaign against the policy of racial segregation on the public transit system of Montgomery, Alabama.
  • The Montgomery Bus Boycott, a seminal episode in the U.S. civil rights movement, was a political and social protest campaign against the policy of racial segregation on the public transit system of Montgomery, Alabama.
  • The protest that arose around the Taylor case was the first instance of a nationwide civil rights protest, and it laid the groundwork for the Montgomery bus boycott.
  • The Montgomery Bus Boycott resounded far beyond the desegregation of public buses.
  • Describe the roles of Rosa Parks, Martin Luther King, Jr., and other protesters in the Montgomery Bus Boycott.

• The Emergence of the Civil Rights Movement

  • Forms of protest or civil disobedience included boycotts such as the successful Montgomery Bus Boycott in Alabama; "sit-ins" such as the influential Greensboro sit-ins; marches, such as the Selma to Montgomery marches in Alabama or the march on Washington as well as a wide range of other nonviolent activities .
  • The Montgomery bus boycott was a political and social protest campaign against the policy of racial segregation on the public transit system of Montgomery, Alabama.
  • Gayle, took effect, and led to a United States Supreme Court decision that declared the Alabama and Montgomery laws requiring segregated buses to be unconstitutional.
  • Many important figures in the Civil Rights Movement took part in the boycott, including Reverend Martin Luther King, Jr. and Ralph Abernathy.
  • The three Selma to Montgomery marches in 1965 were part of the voting rights movement underway in Selma, Alabama.

• The Expansion of the Civil Rights Movement

  • Board of Education in 1954; Rosa Parks and the Montgomery Bus Boycott from 1955-1956; and the desegregation of Little Rock in 1957) expanded into other forms of protest in the 1960s.
  • Board of Education and the Montgomery Bus Boycott, the glacial pace of progress throughout the country was frustrating if not intolerable.

• Martin Luther King, Jr.

  • In 1954, he became pastor of the Dexter Avenue Baptist Church in Montgomery, Alabama, and a year later, received his Ph.D. degree in systematic theology at Boston University.
  • King's first involvement in the Civil Rights Movement that attracted national attention was his leadership over the 1955 Montgomery Bus Boycott.

• Conclusion: WWII and the U.S.

  • Board of Education of Topeka (1954) and other critical cases led to a shift in tactics, and from 1955 to 1965, "direct action" was the strategy—primarily bus boycotts, sit-ins, freedom rides, and social movements.
  • Sheriff Jim Clarkof Dallas County, Alabama, loosed his deputies during the "Bloody Sunday" event of the Selma to Montgomery march, injuring many of the marchers and personally menacing other protesters.

• Conclusion: Post-War America

  • Board of Education of Topeka (1954) and other critical cases led to a shift in tactics, and from 1955 to 1965, "direct action" was the strategy—primarily bus boycotts, sit-ins, freedom rides, and social movements. 
  • Sheriff Jim Clarkof Dallas County, Alabama, loosed his deputies during the "Bloody Sunday" event of the Selma to Montgomery march, injuring many of the marchers and personally menacing other protesters.

• Women of the Civil Rights Movement

  • On August 31 of 1962, Hamer traveled on a rented bus with other activists to Indianola, Mississippi, to register to vote.
  • Liuzzo participated as a white ally in the successful Selma to Montgomery marches and helped with coordination and logistics.
  • Driving back from a trip shuttling fellow activists to the Montgomery airport, she was shot dead by members of the Ku Klux Klan.
  • In addition to other honors, Liuzzo's name is today inscribed on the Civil Rights Memorial in Montgomery, Alabama created by Maya Lin.

• Sit-Ins and Freedom Rides

  • The intent of the African American and white volunteers who undertook these bus rides south was to test enforcement of a U.S.
  • The second group continued to Birmingham, where the riders were attacked by the Ku Klux Klan as they attempted to disembark at the city bus station.
  • Freedom rides were stopped and beaten by mobs in Montgomery, leading to the dispatch of the Alabama National Guard to stop the violence.
  • The remaining activists continued to Mississippi, where they were arrested when they attempted to desegregate the waiting rooms in the Jackson bus terminal.
  • On March 7, 1965, Hosea Williams of the SCLC and John Lewis of SNCC led a march of 600 people to walk from Selma to the state capital in Montgomery.

• The Role of Religion in the Civil Rights Movement

  • SCLC's advocacy of boycotts and other forms of nonviolent protest was controversial.
  • Many of these traditional leaders were uneasy at involving ordinary African Americans in mass activity such as boycotts and marches.
  • In response, on March 7 close to 600 protesters attempted to march from Selma to Montgomery to present their grievances to Governor Wallace.
  • After many more protests, arrests, and legal maneuvering, a Federal judge ordered Alabama to allow the march to Montgomery.
  • It began on March 21 and arrived in Montgomery on the 24th.

• Federal Intervention

  • However, he thought voter registration drives were far preferable to the boycotts, sit-ins, and integration marches that had generated such intense global media coverage in previous years.
  • After the bus bombings in Anniston, Alabama, Kennedy sent John Seigenthaler, his administrative assistant, to Alabama to secure the riders' safety.
  • He also forced the Greyhound bus company to provide the Freedom Riders with a bus driver to ensure they could continue their journey.