Statistics
Textbooks
Boundless Statistics
Describing, Exploring, and Comparing Data
Statistics Textbooks Boundless Statistics Describing, Exploring, and Comparing Data
Statistics Textbooks Boundless Statistics
Statistics Textbooks
Statistics

Section 4

Further Considerations for Data

Book Version 1
By Boundless
Boundless Statistics
Statistics
by Boundless
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8 concepts
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The Sample Average

The sample average/mean can be calculated taking the sum of every piece of data and dividing that sum by the total number of data points.

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Which Standard Deviation (SE)?

Although they are often used interchangeably, the standard deviation and the standard error are slightly different.

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Estimating the Accuracy of an Average

The standard error of the mean is the standard deviation of the sample mean's estimate of a population mean.

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Chance Models

A stochastic model is used to estimate probability distributions of potential outcomes by allowing for random variation in one or more inputs over time.

The Gauss Model

The normal (Gaussian) distribution is a commonly used distribution that can be used to display the data in many real life scenarios.

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Comparing Two Sample Averages

Student's t-test is used in order to compare two independent sample means.

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Odds Ratios

The odds of an outcome is the ratio of the expected number of times the event will occur to the expected number of times the event will not occur.

When Does the Z-Test Apply?

A $z$-test is a test for which the distribution of the test statistic under the null hypothesis can be approximated by a normal distribution.

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