deduction

Examples of deduction in the following topics:

• Reasoning

  • We use many mental shortcuts when conducting inductive, deductive, abductive, and analogous reasoning to find a solution to a problem.
  • In order to solve problems, we utilize four major forms of reasoning: deduction, induction, abduction, and analogy.
  • Deduction is the process of reasoning from one or more general statements, known as premises, to reach a logically certain conclusion.
  • Unlike deductive reasoning , it allows for the possibility that the conclusion is false, even if all the premises are true.
  • Unlike deductive reasoning, the premise does not guarantee the conclusion, and is considered an inference to the best explanation.

• Reasoning and Inference

  • Essentially, deduction starts with a hypothesis and examines the possibilities within that hypothesis to reach a conclusion.
  • However, deductive reasoning has limited applicability in the real world because there are very few premises which are guaranteed to be true all of the time.
  • A syllogism is a form of deductive reasoning in which two statements reach a logical conclusion.
  • In this video, we see the famous literary character Sherlock Holmes use both inductive and deductive reasoning to form inferences about his friends.
  • Can you distinguish between his deductive (general to specific) and inductive (specific to general) reasoning?

• Piaget's Stages of Cognitive Development

  • In his research, he carefully observed children and presented them with problems to solve that were related to object permanence, reversibility, deductive reasoning, transitivity, and assimilation (described below).
  • In contrast, children struggle with deductive reasoning, which involves using a generalized principle in order to try to predict the outcome of an event.
  • By the end of this stage, children have developed logical and systematic thinking, are capable of deductive reasoning, and can create hypothetical ideas to explain various concepts.

• Defining Thoughts

  • The final stage involves an increase in logic, the ability to use deductive reasoning, and an understanding of abstract ideas.

• Cognitive Development in Adulthood

  • Unlike earlier concrete thinking, this kind of thinking is characterized by the ability to think in abstract ways, engage in deductive reasoning, and create hypothetical ideas to explain various concepts.

• Cognitive Development in Adolescence

  • An individual can solve problems through abstract concepts and utilize hypothetical and deductive reasoning.