abductive reasoning

Examples of abductive reasoning in the following topics:

• Reasoning and Inference

  • Reason is how we form inferences about the world; there are different types of reasoning, which have different advantages.
  • Reason and reasoning (i.e., the ability to apply reason) are associated with thinking, cognition, and intelligence.
  • Examples of abductive reasoning include a doctor making a diagnosis based on test results and a jury using evidence to pass judgment on a case: in both scenarios, there is not a 100% guarantee of correctness—just the best guess based on the available evidence.
  • The difference between abductive reasoning and inductive reasoning is a subtle one; both use evidence to form guesses that are likely, but not guaranteed, to be true.
  • However, abductive reasoning looks for cause-and-effect relationships, while induction seeks to determine general rules.

• Reasoning

  • We use many mental shortcuts when conducting inductive, deductive, abductive, and analogous reasoning to find a solution to a problem.
  • Reason or "reasoning" is associated with thinking, cognition, and intellect.
  • In order to solve problems, we utilize four major forms of reasoning: deduction, induction, abduction, and analogy.
  • However, unlike deduction, induction, or abduction where at least one premise (or the conclusion) is general, analogy concerns itself only with specifics and particulars.
  • Differentiate between the processes of induction, deduction, abduction, and analogy, discussing heuristics that are used in these processes

• Logic

  • Instinct, intuition, abduction, deduction, induction and authority are examples of sources of knowledge.
  • Francis Bacon (1561-1626) is credited with formalizing inductive reasoning.
  • Inductive reasoning is the process of inferring information from empirical observations.
  • The differences are that abduction is less formal process that consists of a combination of intuition, experience, observation, deductive reasoning and generates hypotheses which could be wrong.
  • It is the purpose of inductive and deductive reasoning to test the hypotheses that emerge from the process of abduction.

• Benefits of Stretching

  • Stretching is a form of physical exercise in which a specific skeletal muscle (or muscle group) is deliberately stretched, often by abduction from the torso, in order to improve the muscle's felt elasticity and reaffirm comfortable muscle tone.
  • Reasoning behind the biomechanical benefit of PNF stretching points to muscular reflex relaxation found in the musculotendinous unit being stretched.
  • Reasoning behind this claim is that increased levels of Ca2+ in resting muscles predisposes individuals to fatigue more quickly than individuals who did not stretch.
  • The reason behind the conflicting data is claimed to be due to the different levels of observed sports activity.

• Movement at Synovial Joints

  • There are several different types of angular movements, including flexion, extension, hyperextension, abduction, adduction, and circumduction.
  • Examples of abduction include moving the arms or legs laterally to lift them straight out to the side.
  • Movement of the limbs inward after abduction is an example of adduction.
  • Moving the limb or hand laterally away from the body, or spreading the fingers or toes, is abduction.
  • Adduction/abduction and circumduction take place at the shoulder, hip, wrist, metacarpophalangeal, and metatarsophalangeal joints.

• Muscles that Cause Movement at the Hip Joint

  • Actions - Abducts and medially rotates the thigh and fixes the pelvis during walking.
  • Actions - Lateral rotation and abduction of the thigh at the hip.
  • Actions - Lateral rotation and abduction of the thigh at the hip.
  • Actions - Lateral rotation and abduction of the thigh at the hip.
  • Actions: Flexing, abducting and rotation of the thigh at the hip joint.

• The Seven Kings

  • For these reasons, the kingdom of Rome is considered an absolute monarchy.
  • To provide his citizens with wives, Romulus invited the neighboring tribes to a festival in Rome where he abducted the young women from amongst them (known as The Rape of the Sabine Women).

• Muscles of the Wrist and Hand

  • Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus and Brevis – A pair of muscles located on the side of the forearm, allowing them to control extension and abduction of the wrist.

• Dermatomes

• Synovial Joint Movements