collective goods

(noun)

items and resourcses that benefit everyone, and from which people cannot be excluded

Related Terms

Examples of collective goods in the following topics:

  • Motivations Behind the Formation of Interest Groups

    • To illustrate the free rider problem and collective goods, take for instance a tax write-off for a better environment.
    • A collective good refers to something of value that cannot be withheld from a nonmember of a group.
    • To illustrate the free rider problem and collective goods, take environmental groups who advocate for a cleaner environment.

  • Members

    • In his first book, The Logic of Collective Action: Public Goods and the Theory of Groups (1965), he theorized that "only a separate and ‘selective' incentive will stimulate a rational individual in a latent group to act in a group-oriented way"; that is, members of a large group will not act in the group's common interest unless motivated by personal gains.
    • Olson offered a radically different account of the logical basis of organized collective action.
    • In his first book, The Logic of Collective Action: Public Goods and the Theory of Groups (1965), he theorized that "only a separate and ‘selective' incentive will stimulate a rational individual in a latent group to act in a group-oriented way."

  • Political Values

    • Early philosophical investigations sought to understand good and evil and the concept of "the good".
    • Personal Values provide an internal reference for what is good, beneficial, important, useful, beautiful, desirable, constructive, etc.
    • A culture is a social system that shares a set of common values, in which such values permit social expectations and collective understandings of the good, beautiful, constructive, etc.
    • Norms are rules for behavior in specific situations, while values identify what should be judged as good or evil.

  • The Federal Tax System

    • The taxes collected in 2010 by federal, state and municipal governments amounted to 24.8% of the GDP.
    • Sales taxes are imposed on the retail price of many goods and some services by most states and some localities.
    • Sales tax is collected by the seller at the time of sale, or remitted as use tax by buyers of taxable items who did not pay sales tax.
    • This tax must be paid before the goods can be legally imported.
    • Rates of duty vary from 0% to more than 20%, based on the particular goods and country of origin.

  • The Impact of Court Decisions

    • These services often include, revenue collection, law enforcement and prison management.
    • Studies show that private market factors can more efficiently deliver many goods or service than governments due to free market competition.
    • There is a positive externality when the government provides society at large with public goods and services such as defense and disease control.
    • These governments' direct provision of security, stability and safety is intended to be done for the common good with a long-term perspective.
    • Likewise, private goods and services should remain in the hands of the private sector.

  • Collective Military Force

    • A collective military force (when multiple countries pool their militaries) involves both collective security and collective defense.
    • The use of collective military force in the global environment involves two primary concepts: collective security and collective defense.
    • The UN is often provided as the primary example of collective security.
    • Collective defense entails benefits as well as risks.
    • Compare and contrast the concepts of collective security and collective defense

  • The Articles of Confederation

    • The Articles accomplished certain things, but without a good leader, they were bad.
    • Also, it could tax the states, even though it did not possess the power to require the collection of these taxes by law.
    • Since it could not forcibly collect taxes, the states could grant or withhold money and force Congress to accept their demands.
    • Because it could not collect taxes, Congress printed paper dollars.

  • Fiscal Policy

    • Fiscal policy is the use of government revenue collection or taxation, and expenditure (spending) to influence the economy.
    • In economics and political science, fiscal policy is the use of government revenue collection or taxation, and expenditure (spending) to influence the economy.
    • This causes a lower aggregate demand for goods and services, contrary to the objective of a fiscal stimulus.
    • Once the currency appreciates, goods originating from that country now cost more to foreigners than they did before and foreign goods now cost less than they did before.

  • From Political Values to Ideology

    • Values represent a society's shared convictions about what is just and good.
    • The emphasis on the lone, powerful person implies a distrust of collective action and of power structures such as big government, big business, or big labor.
    • These ideologies capture what they believe the scope and purpose of government should be, as well as the balance between individual freedom and collective equality.
    • People who value change and a greater emphasis on collective equality tend to relate to the ideology of liberalism.
    • Conservatives favor less government intervention (like the Tea Party), and more individual freedom in economic activities (which can subsequently mean a belief in less collective equality).

  • British Taxes and Colonial Grievances

    • He allowed customs officers to obtain general writs of assistance, which allowed officers to search random houses for smuggled goods.
    • Grenville thought that if profits from smuggled goods could be directed towards Britain, the money could help pay off debts.
    • The Sugar Act of 1764 reduced the taxes imposed by the Molasses Act, but at the same time strengthened the collection of the tax.