Injuries, Diseases, and Disorders of the Central Nervous System

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) occurs when an external force injures the brain and can be caused by a direct impact or by acceleration alone.

A cerebrovascular accident results from loss of oxygenated blood to a region of the brain and is typically accompanied by neuronal loss.

A transient ischemic attack is similar to a stroke; though without permanent damage, it can serve as an important risk factor for stroke.

Alzheimer's disease is an age-linked neurodegenerative disorder characterized by marked dementia.

A brain tumor is a pathological abnormal growth of cells in the brain.

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is caused by degeneration of upper and lower motor neurons, resulting in muscle weakness and atrophy.