testes

Examples of testes in the following topics:

• Diagnostic Blood Tests

  • They are also used in drug tests.
  • Although the term blood test is used, most routine tests (except for most hematology) are done on blood plasma instead of blood cells.
  • For these reasons, blood tests are the most commonly-performed medical tests.
  • While the regular glucose test is taken at a certain point in time, the glucose tolerance test involves repeated testing to determine the rate at which glucose is processed by the body.
  • Blood tests can also be used to analyze the blood cells.

• Early Pregnancy Tests

  • While at-home pregnancy testing kits have some value, they also raise concerns.
  • A pregnancy test attempts to determine whether a woman is pregnant.
  • Qualitative blood tests generally have a threshold of 25 mIU/mL, and so are less sensitive than some available home pregnancy tests.
  • Most home pregnancy tests are based on lateral-flow technology.
  • However, testing for EPF is expensive and time-consuming.

• Papanicolaou Test

  • The Pap smear is a test used to determine the health of the cervical canal and is an important test in cancer prevention.
  • The BabeșPapanicolaou test (also called Pap smear, Pap test, cervical smear, or smear test) is a screening test used to detect potentially pre-cancerous and cancerous processes in the endocervical canal (transformation zone) of the female reproductive system.
  • The test was invented by and named after the prominent Greek doctor Georgios Papanikolaou.
  • The test remains an effective, widely used method for early detection of pre-cancer and cervical cancer.
  • The test may also detect infections and abnormalities in the endocervix and endometrium.

• Occult Blood

  • Newer tests look for globin, DNA, or other blood factors including transferrin, while conventional stool tests look for heme.
  • Tests for occult blood identify lesser blood loss.
  • If a home fecal occult blood test detects blood in the stool it is recommended to see a health professional to arrange further testing.
  • An estimated 1–5% of large tested populations have a positive fecal occult blood test.
  • This image shows slides and developer (bottle) for the Hemoccult test, a type of stool guaiac test to detect the presence of fecal occult blood.

• Scrotum

  • The purpose of the scrotum is to provide the testes with a chamber of appropriate temperature for optimal sperm production.
  • This asymmetry may also allow more effective cooling of the testes.
  • The function of the scrotum appears to be to keep the temperature of the testes slightly lower than that of the rest of the body.
  • The temperature is controlled by scrotal movement of the testes away or towards the body depending on the environmental temperatures.
  • Moving the testes away from the abdomen and increasing the exposed surface area allow a faster dispersion of excess heat.

• Prenatal Diagnostic Tests

  • Diagnostic prenatal testing can be done by invasive or noninvasive methods.
  • Some parents may decide that even a 1:1,000 risk of birth defects warrants an invasive test, while others would not opt for an invasive test even if they had a 1:10 risk score.
  • Invasive testing is warranted in the following cases:
  • Other testing may combine a first trimester blood test with one done in the second trimester to determine if further action needs to be taken.
  • Infer the type of prenatal diagnostic test that should be used in a particular case

• Cryptorchidism

  • Cryptorchidism is a condition present at birth in boys where one or more of the testes is absent from the scrotum.
  • Cryptorchidism is the absence of one or both testes from the scrotum.
  • About two thirds of cases without other abnormalities are unilateral; one third involve both testes.
  • Although many trials have been published, the reported success rates range widely, from roughly 5 to 50%, probably reflecting the varying criteria for distinguishing retractile testes from low inguinal testes.
  • Cryptorchidism occurs when one or both testes do not descend into the scrotum.

• Testes

  • Thee testes produce sperm (spermatogenesis) and androgens, primarily testosterone.
  • Almost all healthy male vertebrates have two testes.
  • In mammals, the testes are often contained within an extension of the abdomen called the scrotum.
  • In mammals with external testes, it is most common for one testicle to hang lower than the other.
  • The sertoli cells are the testes’ somatic cells, necessary for testis development and spermatogenesis.

• Assessing CNS Disorders

  • An example of a specific type of neurological test is a monofilament test which evaluates fine touch by applying pressure to the skin with a set of nylon filaments.
  • If a problem is found, further tests can be carried out to focus on a particular aspect of the nervous system (e.g., lumbar punctures or blood tests).
  • These are tested by their individual purposes (e.g., the visual acuity can be tested by a Snellen chart).
  • A reflex hammer is used for this testing.
  • Tests include:

• Male and Female Gonads

  • The gonads in males are the testes and the gonads in females are the ovaries.
  • The gonads in males are the testes and the gonads in females are the ovaries.
  • The testes are the male reproductive gonads in humans.
  • The testes are located in the scrotum (a sac of skin between the upper thighs).
  • In the male fetus, the testes develop near the kidneys, then descend into the scrotum just before birth.