transmembrane

(adjective)

traversing a cellular membrane

Related Terms

Examples of transmembrane in the following topics:

  • T Cell Receptors

    • The antigen receptor of MHC-restricted CD4 helper T cells and CD8 cytolytic T cell is a heterodimer consisting of two transmembrane polypeptide chains, designated alpha and beta, covalently linked to each other by disulfide bonds.
    • Each alpha and beta chain consists of one variable domain (V), one constant domain (C), a hydrophobic transmembrane region, and a short cytoplasmic region .
    • T cell receptor consists of alpha and beta chains, a transmembrane domain, and a cytoplasmic region.

  • Planctomycetes

    • One such example is a gene sequence (in Gemmata obscuriglobus) that was found to have significant homology to the integrin alpha-V, a protein that is important in transmembrane signal transduction in eukaryotes.

  • Electron Donors and Acceptors

    • A common feature of all electron transport chains is the presence of a proton pump to create a transmembrane proton gradient.
    • Depending on their environment, bacteria can synthesize different transmembrane complexes and produce different electron transport chains in their cell membranes.

  • Sodium Pumps as an Alternative to Proton Pumps

    • Na+/K+-ATPase (Sodium-potassium adenosine triphosphatase, also known as Na+/K+ pump, sodium-potassium pump, or sodium pump) is an antiporter enzyme (EC 3.6.3.9) (an electrogenic transmembrane ATPase) located in the plasma membrane of all animal cells.
    • Usually, an H+ cycle includes generation of the transmembrane electrochemical gradient of H+ (proton motive force) by primary transport systems (H+ pumps) and its use for ATP synthesis, solute transport, motility and reverse electron transport.

  • Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease

    • As of 2007, its biological function is presumably in transmembrane transport or signaling.

  • Type II (Cytotoxic) Reactions

    • The membrane-attack complex (MAC) forms transmembrane channels.

  • RNA Oncogenic Viruses

    • The primary protein (before cleavage) is made on ribosomes attached to the endoplasmic reticulum and is a transmembrane (type 1) protein.

  • ABC Transporters

    • ABC transporters are transmembrane proteins that utilize the energy of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) hydrolysis to carry out certain biological processes including translocation of various substrates across membranes and non-transport-related processes such as translation of RNA and DNA repair.

  • Bacteriorhodopsin

    • Each chain has seven transmembrane alpha helices and contains one molecule of retinal buried deep within, the typical structure for retinylidene proteins.

  • Magnetosomes

    • Specific soluble and transmembrane proteins are sorted to the membrane.