Examples of proliferation in the following topics:
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- Low temperatures usually inhibit or stop microbial growth and proliferation but often do not kill bacteria.
- Low temperatures usually inhibit or stop microbial growth and proliferation but often do not kill bacteria.
- Fridge temperatures inhibit the proliferation of bacteria better than molds and fungi.
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- In the wake of the first (primary response) infection involving a particular antigen, the responding naïve cells (ones which have never been exposed to the antigen) proliferate to produce a colony of cells.
- Each time these cells are induced to proliferate due to an infection, the genetic region coding for the paratope undergoes spontaneous mutations with a frequency of about 1 in every 1600 cell divisions.
- Some of the resulting paratopes (and the cells elaborating them) have a better affinity for the antigen (actually, the epitope) and are more likely to proliferate than the others.
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- Macrophages are usually relatively dormant in the tissues and proliferate slowly.
- However, if they receive a signal directly from an invader, they become "hyperactivated", stop proliferating, and concentrate on killing.
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- In response to antigenic stimulation, helper T cells (characterized by the expression of CD4 marker on their surface) secrete proteins called cytokines, whose function is to stimulate the proliferation and differentiation of the T cells themselves, as well as other cells, including B cells, macrophages, and other leukocytes.
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- Under normal conditions, symbiont and host cells exchange organic and inorganic molecules that enable the growth and proliferation of both partners.
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- The fungi continues to undergo proliferation and destroys the plant ovary.
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- These non-dividing cells often survive antibiotic exposure targeted to kill highly proliferating bacteria.
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- An example of type II hypersensitivity is the reaction to penicillin wherein the drug can bind to red blood cells, causing them to be recognized as different; B cell proliferation will take place and antibodies to the drug are produced.
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- Induced Regulatory T (iTreg) cells (CD4+CD25+Foxp3+) are suppressive cells involved in tolerance. iTreg cells have been shown to suppress T cell proliferation and experimental autoimmune diseases. iTreg cells develop from mature CD4+ conventional T cells outside of the thymus: a defining distinction between natural regulatory T (nTreg) cells and iTreg cells.
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- Selective growth media are also used in cell culture to ensure the survival or proliferation of cells with certain properties, such as antibiotic resistance or the ability to synthesize a certain metabolite.