inoculation

Examples of inoculation in the following topics:

• Inoculation of Live Animals

  • They need living cells for replication, which can be provided by inoculation in live animals among other methods used to culture viruses (cell culture or inoculation of embryonated eggs).
  • Inoculation of human volunteers was the only known method of cultivation of viruses and understanding viral disease.
  • In the past few decades, animal inoculation has been employed for virus isolation.
  • Handling of animals and inoculation into various routes requires special experience and training.
  • Growth of the virus in inoculated animals may be indicated by visible lesions, disease, or death.

• Koch and Pure Culture

  • Additionally, it must be absent in healthy organisms prepared and maintained in a pure culture capable of producing the original infection, even after several generations in culture retrievable from an inoculated animal and cultured again.
  • The streak plate method is a way to physically separate the microbial population and is done by spreading the inoculate back and forth with an inoculating loop over the solid agar plate.

• Pure Culture

  • Once the growth medium in the petri dish is inoculated with the desired bacteria, the plates are incubated at the best temperature for the growing of the selected bacteria (for example, usually at 37 degrees Celsius for cultures from humans or animals or lower for environmental cultures).
  • The experimenter would inoculate liquid broth with bacteria and let it grow overnight (they may use a shaker for uniform growth).

• Tissue Culture of Animal Viruses

  • Upon receipt, the specimen is inoculated into several different types of cell culture depending on the nature of the specimen and the clinical presentation.
  • The inoculated tubes should be incubated at 35-37oC in a rotating drum.

• Colonization and Growth

  • The variables involved in the outcome of a host becoming inoculated by a pathogen and the ultimate outcome include: the route of entry of the pathogen and the access to host regions that it gains, the intrinsic virulence of the particular organism, the quantity or load of the initial inoculant, and the immune status of the host being colonized.

• Diagnosing Microbial Diseases

  • The streak plate method is a way to physically separate the microbial population, and is done by spreading the inoculate back and forth with an inoculating loop over the solid agar plate.

• Neutralization Reaction

  • A control suspension of virus is mixed with normal serum and is then inoculated into an appropriate cell culture.

• Cultivation of Specimen

  • In most cases, specimens are also inoculated into differential media that define such characteristics as fermentation patters (mannitol salt and MacConkey agar) and as reactions in blood (blood agar).

• Koch's Postulates

  • The microorganism must be reisolated from the inoculated, diseased experimental host and identified as being identical to the original specific causative agent.

• Biofilms, Persisters, and Antibiotic Tolerance

  • Persisters are not mutants, but rather phenotypic variants of the wild-type that upon inoculation produce a culture with similar levels of tolerance.