infection

Examples of infection in the following topics:

• Microorganisms in the Hospital

  • Nosocomial infections can cause severe pneumonia and infections of the urinary tract, bloodstream, and other parts of the body.
  • A nosocomial infection, also known as a hospital-acquired infection or HAI, is an infection whose development is favoured by a hospital environment, such as one acquired by a patient during a hospital visit, or one developed among hospital staff.
  • Such infections include fungal and bacterial infections, and are aggravated by the reduced resistance of individual patients.
  • Nosocomial infections can cause severe pneumonia and infections of the urinary tract, bloodstream, and other parts of the body.
  • HAP is the second most common nosocomial infection (urinary tract infection is the most common), and accounts for 15-20% of the total.

• The TORCH Panel of Tests

  • TORCH infections are a group of viral, bacterial, and protozoan infections that gain access to the fetal bloodstream from the mother.
  • TORCH complex is a medical acronym for a set of perinatal infections (which are infections passed from a pregnant woman to her fetus).
  • TORCH infections can lead to severe fetal anomalies or even fetal loss.
  • The TORCH panel is valuable for checking for infections because the mother often has a mild infection with few or no symptoms.
  • Hematoxylin and Eosin stain showing cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection of the placenta (CMV placentitis), a TORCH infection.

• Compromised Host

  • Numerous risk factors in the hospital setting can predispose a patient to infection.
  • A nosocomial infection, also known as a hospital-acquired infection or HAI, is an infection whose development is favoured by a hospital environment, such as one acquired by a patient during a hospital visit or one developing among hospital staff.
  • Such infections include fungal and bacterial infections.
  • Numerous risk factors in the hospital setting predispose a patient to infection.
  • Discuss the risk factors that contribute to the acquiring of nosocomial infections or hospital-acquired infections

• Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)

  • A urinary tract infection (UTI) is an infection affecting the urinary tract; about 150 million people develop UTIs each year.
  • Up to 10% of women have a urinary tract infection in a given year and half of women having at least one infection at some point in their lives.
  • A urinary tract infection (UTI) is an infection that affects part of the urinary tract.
  • Kidney infection, if it occurs, usually follows a bladder infection but may also result from a blood-borne infection.
  • Lower urinary tract infection is also referred to as a bladder infection.

• Viruses of Archaea

  • The second single stranded DNA virus infecting Archaea is Aeropyrum coil-shaped virus (ACV).
  • A virus infecting archaea was first described in 1974.
  • Two groups of single-stranded DNA viruses that infect archaea have been recently isolated.
  • Species of the genus Salterprovirus infect halophilic archaea species of the Euryarchaeota.
  • Cell of Sulfolobus infected by virus STSV1 observed under microscopy.

• Neutralization Reaction

  • The antibody response is crucial for preventing many viral infections and may also contribute to the resolution of an infection.
  • A subset of these antibodies can block viral infection by a process called neutralization.
  • This virus-antibody complex can prevent viral infections in many ways.
  • Antibodies can also neutralize viral infectivity by binding to cell surface receptors.
  • Neutralizing antibodies have shown potential in the treatment of retroviral infections.

• Cystitis

  • Cystitis is a urinary bladder inflammation that is most commonly caused by a bacterial infection of the lower urinary tract infection.
  • A urinary tract infection (UTI), a bacterial infection that affects the lower urinary tract, is also known as a simple cystitis (a bladder infection).
  • It is most commonly caused by a bacterial infection in which case it is referred to as a urinary tract infection.
  • The cause of EC may be attributed to infection by Schistosoma haematobium or by certain medications in afflicted children.
  • This disease can cause chronic urinary tract infections.

• Human Papillomavirus (HPV)

  • Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a virus from the papillomavirus family that is capable of infecting humans.
  • HPV infection is a cause of nearly all cases of cervical cancer.
  • However, most infections with these types do not cause disease.
  • Seventy percent of infections are gone in 1 year and ninety percent in 2 years.
  • However, when the infection persists — in 5% to 10% of infected women — there is high risk of developing precancerous lesions of the cervix, which can progress to invasive cervical cancer.

• Leptospirosis

  • Leptospirosis is a rare and severe infection caused by Leptospira bacteria and usually transmitted to people from animals.
  • If the infection causes lots of bleeding from the lungs it is known as severe pulmonary haemorrhage syndrome.
  • Dogs may lick the urine of an infected animal off the grass or soil or drink from an infected puddle.
  • Leptospirosis is also transmitted by the semen of infected animals.
  • Humans become infected through contact with water, food, or soil containing urine from these infected animals.

• Bacterial Skin Diseases

  • Impetigo is a highly contagious bacterial skin infection most common among pre-school children.
  • The infection is spread by direct contact with lesions or with nasal carriers.
  • Erysipelas is an acute streptococcus bacterial infection of the upper dermis and superficial lymphatics.
  • More severe infections can result in vesicles, bullae, and petechiae, with possible skin necrosis.
  • Skin on the face or lower legs is most commonly affected by this infection, though cellulitis can occur on any part of the body.