gluconeogenesis

(noun)

Gluconeogenesis (abbreviated GNG) is a metabolic pathway that results in the generation of glucose from non-carbohydrate carbon substrates such as pyruvate, lactate, glycerol, and glucogenic amino acids.

Related Terms

(noun)

A metabolic process which glucose is formed from non-carbohydrate precursors.

Related Terms

Examples of gluconeogenesis in the following topics:

  • Pyruvic Acid and Metabolism

    • Pyruvic acid can be made from glucose through glycolysis, converted back to carbohydrates (such as glucose) via gluconeogenesis, or to fatty acids through acetyl-CoA.
    • Pyruvate is also converted to oxaloacetate by an anaplerotic reaction, which replenishes Krebs cycle intermediates; also, oxaloacetate is used for gluconeogenesis.
    • Pyruvate can be converted into carbohydrates via gluconeogenesis, to fatty acids or energy through acetyl-CoA, to the amino acid alanine, and to ethanol.
    • Pyruvic acid can be made from glucose through glycolysis, converted back to carbohydrates (such as glucose) via gluconeogenesis, or to fatty acids through acetyl-CoA.

  • Biosynthesis and Energy

    • The process of gluconeogenesis, characterized by the production of glucose or fructose from noncarbohydrate precursors, is an ubiquitous process.

  • Polysaccharide Biosynthesis

    • Gluconeogenesis (abbreviated GNG) is a metabolic pathway that results in the generation of glucose from non-carbohydrate carbon substrates such as phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP).
    • This reaction is a rate-limiting step in gluconeogenesis.

  • Fermentation Without Substrate-Level Phosphorylation

    • Pyruvic acid can be made from glucose through glycolysis, converted back to carbohydrates (such as glucose) via gluconeogenesis, or to fatty acids through acetyl-CoA.

  • Substrates for Biosynthesis

    • Additional pathways that require substrates or metabolites produced by the glycolytic pathway include: gluconeogenesis, lipid metabolism, the pentose phosphate pathway, and the TCA.

  • Intermediates Produced During the Calvin Cycle

    • The additional 3-PGA is utilized in additional metabolic pathways such as glycolysis and gluconeogenesis.

  • Types of Catabolism

    • The glucogenic amino acids can also be converted into glucose, through gluconeogenesis.

  • Regulation of the Calvin Cycle

    • Additionally, aldolase can be utilized to promote a reverse reaction in gluconeogenesis as well.