termination

(noun)

The process of terminating or the state of being terminated.

Related Terms

  • Attenuation
  • transcription

Examples of termination in the following topics:

  • American Indian Relocation

    • Some tribes may have had a formal termination agreement approved, but they were successful at warding off termination until repudiation, or terms of their agreement were unmet.
    • Other tribes were approved for termination, but were successful in testifying before Congress that they should not be terminated.
    • This helped non-terminated tribes, but terminated tribal children were not allowed to apply for these funds.
    • Over one hundred tribes were terminated during the termination policy era.
    • Kennedy's administration did oversee some of the last terminations.
  • EMF and Terminal Voltage

    • The voltage output of a device is measured across its terminals and is called its terminal voltage V.
    • Terminal voltage is given by the equation:
    • I is positive if current flows away from the positive terminal.
    • The larger the current, the smaller the terminal voltage.
    • (Note that the script E stands for emf. ) Also shown are the output terminals across which the terminal voltage V is measured.
  • DNA Sequencing Based on Sanger Dideoxynucleotides

    • The classical chain-termination method requires a single-stranded DNA template, a DNA primer, a DNA polymerase, normal deoxynucleotidetriphosphates (dNTPs), and modified nucleotides (dideoxyNTPs) that terminate DNA strand elongation .
    • Chain-termination methods have greatly simplified DNA sequencing.
    • More recently, dye-terminator sequencing has been developed.
    • Dye-terminator sequencing utilizes labelling of the chain terminator ddNTPs, which permits sequencing in a single reaction, rather than four reactions as in the labelled-primer method.
    • In dye-terminator sequencing, each of the four dideoxynucleotide chain terminators is labelled with fluorescent dyes, each of which emit light at different wavelengths .
  • Terminations

    • Terminations can occur in a variety of methods, both voluntary and involuntary.
    • The type of termination will determine the employee's future relationship (or lack of) with the employer.
    • A less severe form of involuntary termination is often referred to as a layoff.
    • Some terminations occur as a result of mutual agreement between the employer and employee.
    • When this happens, it is sometimes debatable if the termination was truly mutual.
  • Elongation and Termination in Prokaryotes

    • Transcription elongation begins with the release of the polymerase σ subunit and terminates via the rho protein or via a stable hairpin.
    • Depending on the gene being transcribed, there are two kinds of termination signals: one is protein-based and the other is RNA-based.
    • Rho-dependent termination is controlled by the rho protein, which tracks along behind the polymerase on the growing mRNA chain.
    • Rho-independent termination is controlled by specific sequences in the DNA template strand.
    • Upon termination, the process of transcription is complete.
  • Third Declension

    • Adjectives of three terminations in the Nominative Singular,—one for each gender.
  • Acidity of Terminal Alkynes

    • Such a base is sodium amide (NaNH2), discussed above, and its reactions with terminal alkynes may be conducted in liquid ammonia or ether as solvents.
    • This factor clearly limits the usefulness of Grignard or lithium reagents when a terminal triple bond is present, as in equation 2.
    • The acidity of terminal alkynes also plays a role in product determination when vicinal (or geminal) dihalides undergo base induced bis-elimination reactions.
    • If the very strong base sodium amide is used, the terminal alkyne is trapped as its sodium salt, from which it may be released by mild acid treatment.
    • The resulting allenic carbanions undergo rapid proton transfer equilibria, leading to the relatively stable terminal alkyne conjugate base.
  • Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization

    • The most common termination processes are Radical Combination and Disproportionation.
    • Note that in both types of termination two reactive radical sites are removed by simultaneous conversion to stable product(s).
    • Since the concentration of radical species in a polymerization reaction is small relative to other reactants (e.g. monomers, solvents and terminated chains), the rate at which these radical-radical termination reactions occurs is very small, and most growing chains achieve moderate length before termination.
    • The relative importance of these terminations varies with the nature of the monomer undergoing polymerization.
    • However, methyl methacrylate and vinyl acetate are terminated chiefly by disproportionation.
  • Attenuation

    • The process of attenuation involves the presence of a stop signal that indicates premature termination.
    • Transcription-attenuation is characterized by the presence of 5'-cis acting regulatory regions that fold into alternative RNA structures which can terminate transcription.
    • These RNA structures dictate whether transcription will proceed successfully or be terminated early, specifically, by causing transcription-attenuation.
    • The result is a misfolded RNA structure where the Rho-independent terminator disrupts transcription and produced a non-functional RNA product.
    • The other RNA structure produced will be an anti-terminator that allows transcription to proceed .
  • Termination of the Signal Cascade

    • The aberrant signaling often seen in tumor cells is proof that the termination of a signal at the appropriate time can be just as important as the initiation of a signal.
    • One method of terminating or stopping a specific signal is to degrade or remove the ligand so that it can no longer access its receptor.
    • Describe the process by which the signal cascade in cell communication is terminated
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