root

Examples of root in the following topics:

• Root Modifications

  • There are many different types of specialized roots, but two of the more familiar types of roots include aerial roots and storage roots.
  • Storage roots (for example, taproots and tuberous roots) are modified for food storage.
  • Epiphytic roots are a type of aerial root that enable a plant to grow on another plant in a non-parasitic manner.
  • The epiphytic roots of orchids develop a spongy tissue to absorb moisture and nutrients from any organic material on their roots.
  • Other examples of modified roots are aerating roots and haustorial roots.

• The Evolution of Roots in Seedless Plants

  • A tap root system has a main root that grows down vertically from which many smaller lateral roots arise.
  • In addition, some plants actually have a combination of tap root and fibrous roots.
  • The tip of the root is protected by the root cap, a structure exclusive to roots and unlike any other plant structure.
  • Aerial roots and prop roots are two forms of aboveground roots that provide additional support to anchor the plant.
  • (a) Tap root systems have a main root that grows down, while (b) fibrous root systems consist of many small roots.

• Types of Root Systems and Zones of Growth

  • Dicots have a tap root system, while monocots have a fibrous root system, which is also known as an adventitious root system.
  • A tap root system has a main root that grows down vertically, from which many smaller lateral roots arise.
  • Some plants have a combination of tap roots and fibrous roots.
  • The tip of the root is protected by the root cap, a structure exclusive to roots and unlike any other plant structure.
  • (a) Tap root systems have a main root that grows down, while (b) fibrous root systems consist of many small roots.

• Roots of Complex Numbers

• Radical Functions

  • An expression with roots is called a radical function, there are many kinds of roots, square root and cube root being the most common.
  • If fourth root of 2401 is 7, and the square root of 2401 is 49, then what is the third root of 2401?
  • If a root is defined as the $n$th root of $x$, it is represented as $\sqrt [ n ]{ x } = r$ .
  • Roots do not have to be square.
  • Irrational numbers also appear when attempting to take cube roots or other roots.

• Introduction to Radicals

  • Roots are the inverse operation of exponentiation.
  • For now, it is important simplify to recognize the relationship between roots and exponents: if a root $r$ is defined as the $n \text{th}$ root of $x$, it is represented as
  • Because roots are the inverse of exponents, we can cancel out the root in this equation by raising the answer to the nth power:
  • This is read as "the square root of 36" or "radical 36."
  • For example, $\sqrt[4]{a}$ is called the "fourth root of $a$," and $\sqrt[20]{a}$ is called the "twentieth root of $a$."

• Triads in Root Position

  • The chords in Figure 5.1 are written in root position, which is the most basic way to write a triad.
  • In root position, the root, which is the note that names the chord, is the lowest note.
  • The third of the chord is written a third higher than the root, and the fifth of the chord is written a fifth higher than the root (which is also a third higher than the third of the chord).
  • So the simplest way to write a triad is as a stack of thirds, in root position.
  • Write a triad in root position using each root given.

• The Rule of Signs

  • Finding the negative roots is similar to finding the positive roots.
  • Therefore it has exactly one positive root.
  • where $n$ is the total number of roots in a polynomial, $p$ is the maximum number of positive roots, and $q$ is the maximum number of negative roots.
  • Now we look for negative roots.
  • There are 2 complex roots.

• The Legume-Root Nodule Symbiosis

  • Many legumes have root nodules that provide a home for symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria called rhizobia.
  • Exposure to nod factor triggers the formation of deformed root hairs, which permit rhizobia to enter the plant.
  • Rhizobia can also enter the root by inserting themselves between cracks between root cells; this method of infection is called crack entry.
  • Infection triggers rapid cell division in the root cells, forming a nodule of tissue.
  • Root nodules are formed when nitrogen fixing bacteria called rhizobia enter the cells of a host plant.

• Root-Mean-Square Speed

  • The root-mean-square speed measures the average speed of particles in a gas, defined as $v_{rms}=\sqrt{\frac{3RT}{M}}$ .
  • The root-mean-square speed is the measure of the speed of particles in a gas, defined as the square root of the average velocity-squared of the molecules in a gas.
  • The root-mean-square speed takes into account both molecular weight and temperature, two factors that directly affect the kinetic energy of a material.
  • What is the root-mean-square speed for a sample of oxygen gas at 298 K?
  • Recall the mathematical formulation of the root-mean-square velocity for a gas.