Proteobacteria

(proper noun)

The Proteobacteria are a major group (phylum) of bacteria. They include a wide variety of pathogens, such as Escherichia, Salmonella, Vibrio, Helicobacter, and many other notable genera. Others are free-living, and include many of the bacteria responsible for nitrogen fixation.

Related Terms

Examples of Proteobacteria in the following topics:

  • Overview of Proteobacteria

    • The Proteobacteria are a major group (phylum) of bacteria .
    • All proteobacteria are Gram-negative, with an outer membrane mainly composed of lipopolysaccharides.
    • The Proteobacteria are divided into six sections, referred to by the Greek letters alpha through zeta, again based on rRNA sequences.
    • The divisions of the proteobacteria were once regarded as subclasses (e.g. α-subclass of the Proteobacteria), but are now regarded as classes (e.g. the Alphaproteobacteria).
    • Domain: Bacteria, Kingdom: Eubacteria, Phylum: Proteobacteria, Class: Gammaproteobacteria, Order: Enterobacteriales, Family: Enterobacteriaceae, Genus: Escherichia, Species: E. coli.

  • The Deltaproteobacteria

    • Deltaproteobacteria is a class of Proteobacteria .
    • All species of this group are, like all Proteobacteria, Gram-negative.
    • Myxobacteria are included among the delta group of proteobacteria, a large taxon of Gram-negative forms.

  • Alphaproteobacteria

    • Alphaproteobacteria is a class of Proteobacteria; like all Proteobacteria, they are Gram-negative.
    • Alphaproteobacteria is a class of Proteobacteria.
    • Like all Proteobacteria, they are Gram-negative .

  • Morphologically Unusual Proteobacteria

    • The two main groups of morphologically unusual proteobacteria include spirillum and prosthecate bacteria.
    • Two main groups of morphologically unusual proteobacteria include spirillum and prosthecate bacteria.

  • Betaproteobacteria

    • Burkholderia is a genus of proteobacteria probably best known for its pathogenic members: Burkholderia mallei, responsible for glanders, a disease that occurs mostly in horses and related animals; Burkholderia pseudomallei, causative agent of melioidosis; and Burkholderia cepacia, an important pathogen of pulmonary infections in people with cystic fibrosis (CF).

  • Epsilonproteobacteria

    • Epsilonproteobacteria is a class of Proteobacteria.
    • All species of this class are, like all Proteobacteria, Gram-negative .

  • The Evolution of Mitochondria

    • Alpha-proteobacteria are a large group of bacteria that includes species symbiotic with plants, disease organisms that can infect humans via ticks, and many free-living species that use light for energy.
    • Most mitochondria are shaped like alpha-proteobacteria and are surrounded by two membranes, which would result when one membrane-bound organism engulfs another into a vacuole.
    • The mitochondrial inner membrane involves substantial infoldings called cristae that resemble the textured, outer surface of alpha-proteobacteria .
    • Mitochondria have their own circular DNA chromosome that is stabilized by attachments to the inner membrane and carries genes similar to genes expressed by alpha-proteobacteria.
    • Mitochondria that carry out aerobic respiration have their own genomes, with genes similar to those in alpha-proteobacteria.

  • Gammaproteobacteria

    • Like all Proteobacteria, the Gammaproteobacteria are Gram-negative.
    • This family is the only representative in the order Enterobacteriales of the class Gammaproteobacteria in the phylum Proteobacteria.

  • Mitochondria

    • The mitochondrial inner membrane is extensive and involves substantial infoldings called cristae that resemble the textured, outer surface of alpha-proteobacteria.
    • Mitochondria have their own (usually) circular DNA chromosome that is stabilized by attachments to the inner membrane and carries genes similar to genes expressed by alpha-proteobacteria.

  • Electron Donors and Acceptors in Anaerobic Respiration

    • This process is widespread, and used by many members of Proteobacteria.
    • Sulfate reduction is a relatively energetically poor process, and is used by many Gram negative bacteria found within the δ-Proteobacteria.