postulate

(noun)

A fundamental element; a basic principle.

Related Terms

  • Koch's postulates

Examples of postulate in the following topics:

  • Koch's Postulates

    • Koch's postulates are four criteria designed in the 1880's to establish a causal relationship between a causative microbe and a disease.
    • Koch's postulates are four criteria designed to establish a causal relationship between a causative microbe and a disease.
    • The postulates were formulated by Robert Koch and Friedrich Loeffler in 1884 and refined and published by Koch in 1890.
    • Therefore, while Koch's postulates retain historical importance and continue to inform the approach to microbiologic diagnosis, fulfillment of all four postulates is not required to demonstrate causality.
    • Koch's postulates have also influenced scientists who examine microbial pathogenesis from a molecular point of view.
  • Exceptions to Koch's Postulates

    • Even in Koch's time, it was recognized that infectious agents could be responsible for disease without fulfilling all of the postulates.
    • Koch's postulates were developed in the 19th century as general guidelines to identify pathogens that could be isolated with the techniques of the day.
    • Currently, a number of infectious agents are accepted as the cause of diseases despite their not fulfilling all of Koch's postulates.
    • Therefore, while Koch's postulates retain historical importance and continue to inform the approach to microbiologic diagnosis, fulfillment of all four postulates is not required to demonstrate causality.
    • In summary, a body of evidence that satisfies Koch's postulates is sufficient but not necessary to establish causation.
  • Einstein's Postulates

    • Special relativity is based on Einstein's two postulates: the Principle of Relativity and the Principle of Invariant Light Speed.
    • With two deceptively simple postulates and a careful consideration of how measurements are made, Einstein produced the theory of special relativity.
    • This postulate relates to reference frames.
    • This postulate might sound easy to accept, but it is rather counterintuitive.
  • Disengagement Theory

    • Postulate one: Everyone expects death, and one's abilities will likely deteriorate over time.
    • Postulate four: The individual's life is punctuated by ego changes.
    • Postulate six: Man's central role is work, and woman's is marriage and family.
    • Postulate nine: Disengagement theory is independent of culture, but the form it takes is bound by culture.
    • Analyze the nine postulates of growing old and the impact at each stage for the elderly in society
  • Koch and Pure Culture

    • Robert Koch identified anthrax as a disease agent and formulated postulates that are still used to research diseases today.
    • Probably as important as his work on tuberculosis, for which he was awarded a Nobel Prize in 1905, are Koch's postulates.
    • These postulates stated that to establish that an organism is the cause of a disease, it must be found in all cases of the disease examined.
  • Identification of Microbes Based on Molecular Genetics

    • The use of these new methods has led to revised versions of Koch's postulates.
    • Molecular Koch's postulates are a set of experimental criteria that must be satisfied to show that a gene found in a pathogenic microorganism encodes a product that contributes to the disease caused by the pathogen.
    • Genes that satisfy molecular Koch's postulates are often referred to as virulence factors (i.e., what makes the pathogen virulent).
    • The following set of Koch's postulates for the 21st century have been suggested:
  • Particle-Wave Duality

    • Wave–particle duality postulates that all physical entities exhibit both wave and particle properties.
    • Wave–particle duality postulates that all physical entities exhibit both wave and particle properties.
    • In 1905, Albert Einstein explained the photoelectric effects by postulating the existence of photons, quanta of light energy with particulate qualities.
  • Transition State Theory

    • TST postulates three major factors that determine whether or not a reaction will occur.
    • This third postulate acts as a kind of qualifier for something we have already explored in our discussion on collision theory.
  • Expectancy Theory

    • Expectancy Theory postulates that an individual's motivation can be derived through identifying an appropriate expectation.
  • Antibiotic Discovery

    • Alexander Fleming observed antibiosis against bacteria by a fungus of the genus Penicillium and postulated the effect was mediated by an antibacterial compound named penicillin whose antibacterial properties have been widely exploited for chemotherapy.
    • Fleming postulated the effect was mediated by an antibacterial compound named penicillin, and that its antibacterial properties could be exploited for chemotherapy.
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