herpes zoster

(noun)

An acute viral inflammation of the sensory ganglia of spinal and cranial nerves associated with a vesicular eruption and neuralgic pains and caused by reactivation of the poxvirus causing chicken pox.

Related Terms

  • varicella zoster virus
  • postherpetic neuralgia

Examples of herpes zoster in the following topics:

  • Shingles

    • Shingles, the common name for herpes zoster, is caused by latent varicella zoster virus, the same virus which causes chickenpox in children.
    • Herpes zoster, commonly known as shingles, is a viral disease caused by the reactivation of the chickenpox virus, characterized by a painful skin rash with blisters in a limited area on one side of the body, often in a stripe.
    • The initial infection with varicella zoster virus (VZV) causes the acute (short-lived) illness chickenpox which generally occurs in children and young people.
    • Varicella zoster virus can become latent in the nerve cell bodies and less frequently in non-neuronal satellite cells of dorsal root, cranial nerve or autonomic ganglion, without causing any symptoms.
    • Once vaccinated, most children will not become infected with the varicella zoster virus if exposed, and subsequently will not develop shingles later in life.
  • Viral Skin Diseases

    • Genital herpes, known simply as herpes, is the second most common form of herpes.
    • Herpes zoster (or simply zoster), commonly known as shingles, is a viral disease characterized by a painful skin rash with blisters in a limited area on one side of the body, often in a stripe.
    • The earliest symptoms of herpes zoster, which include headache, fever, and malaise, are nonspecific, and may result in an incorrect diagnosis.
    • However, unlike hives, herpes zoster causes skin changes limited to a dermatome, normally resulting in a stripe or belt-like pattern that is limited to one side of the body and does not cross the midline.
    • Antiviral drugs inhibit VZV replication and reduce the severity and duration of herpes zoster with minimal side effects, but do not reliably prevent postherpetic neuralgia.
  • Double-Stranded DNA Viruses: Herpesviruses

    • Herpes viruses cause a wide range of latent, recurring infections including oral and genital herpes, cytomegalovirus, and chicken pox.
    • Varicella zoster virus (VZV) is one of eight herpes viruses known to infect humans and other vertebrates.
    • It commonly causes chicken-pox in children and adults, and herpes zoster (shingles) in adults.
    • Animal herpes viruses all share some common properties.
    • Various viruses from the Herpesviridae family seen using an electron micrograph Amongst these members is varicella-zoster (Chickenpox), and herpes simplex type 1 and 2 (HSV-1, HSV-2).
  • Viral Pneumonia

    • Viruses that primarily cause other diseases, but sometimes cause pneumonia, include herpes simplex virus (HSV, mainly in newborns), varicella-zoster virus (VZV), measles virus, rubella virus, and cytomegalovirus (CMV, mainly in people with immune system problems).
    • Because of this, the best prevention against viral pneumonia is vaccination against influenza, adenovirus, chickenpox, herpes zoster, measles, and rubella.
  • The Vocabulary Epidemiology

    • For example, varicella zoster virus causes chickenpox in the acute phase; after recovery from chickenpox, the virus may remain dormant in nerve cells for many years, and later cause herpes zoster (shingles).
  • Genital Herpes

    • Herpes genitalis (or genital herpes) refers to a genital infection by Herpes simplex virus.
    • Herpes genitalis (or genital herpes) refers to a genital infection by Herpes simplex virus .
    • Presently, genital herpes cannot be cured.
    • Among these drugs are: acyclovir, valacyclovir and famciclovir.Acyclovir is an antiviral drug used against herpes viruses, varicella-zoster, and Epstein-Barr Viruses.
    • Once in the body, it becomes the anti-herpes medicine, acyclovir.
  • Replication of Double-Stranded DNA Viruses of Animals

    • Some of these viruses require host cell polymerases to replicate their genome, while others, such as adenoviruses or herpes viruses, encode their own replication factors.
    • At least five species of Herpesviridae – HSV-1 and HSV-2 (both of which can cause orolabial herpes and genital herpes), Varicella zoster virus (which causes chicken-pox and shingles), Epstein-Barr virus (which causes mononucleosis), and Cytomegalovirus – are extremely widespread among humans.
    • In total, there are 8 herpesvirus types that infect humans: herpes simplex viruses 1 and 2, varicella-zoster virus, EBV (Epstein-Barr virus), human cytomegalovirus, human herpesvirus 6, human herpesvirus 7, and Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus.
  • Animal Viruses

    • Other viruses cause long-term chronic infections, such as the virus causing hepatitis C, whereas others, like herpes simplex virus, cause only intermittent symptoms.
    • As mentioned, herpes simplex virus can remain in a state of latency in nervous tissue for months, even years.
    • Latent infections are common with other herpes viruses as well, including the varicella-zoster virus that causes chickenpox.
    • After having a chickenpox infection in childhood, the varicella-zoster virus can remain latent for many years and reactivate in adults to cause the painful condition known as "shingles" .
    • (a) Varicella-zoster, the virus that causes chickenpox, has an enveloped icosahedral capsid visible in this transmission electron micrograph.
  • The TORCH Panel of Tests

    • The "other infections" included under the letter O include Coxsackievirus, Syphilis, Varicella-Zoster Virus, HIV, and Parvovirus B19.
    • Micrograph of a pap test showing changes (upper-right of image) associated with Herpes Simplex Virus, a TORCH infection.
  • Infection

    • Herpes simplex (Greek for "creeping") is a viral disease caused by both Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and type 2 (HSV-2).
    • Oral herpes is the most common form of infection.
    • Genital herpes, known simply as herpes, is the second most common form of herpes.
    • Condom use reduces the transmission risk of herpes simplex significantly.
    • Herpes labialis or cold sore of the lower lip.
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