Graft-versus-host disease

(noun)

A complication after tissue or organ transplant or blood transfusion if the blood was not irradiated. White blood cells of the transplanted tissue or organ (the graft) attack cells in the recipients body (the host).

Related Terms

  • NRC

Examples of Graft-versus-host disease in the following topics:

  • Predisposing Factors

    • The spread and severity of infectious disease is influenced by many predisposing factors.
    • The spread and severity of infectious disease is influenced by many predisposing factors.
    • Another example is chronic granulomatous disease which directly affects the ability of the host immune system to fight invaders.
    • Overall health is a very important factor in preventing disease.
    • In general, deliberately-induced immunosuppression is performed to prevent the body from rejecting an organ transplant, treating graft-versus-host disease after a bone marrow transplant, or for the treatment of autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and Crohn's disease.
  • Type IV (Delayed Cell-Mediated) Reactions

    • Other examples include: temporal arteritis, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, symptoms of leprosy, symptoms of tuberculosis, coeliac disease, graft-versus-host disease and chronic transplant rejection.
  • Radiation

    • Cesium-137 is used in small hospital units to treat blood before transfusion in order to prevent Graft-versus-host disease.
  • Cell-Mediated Autoimmune Reactions

    • In coeliac disease it seems likely that B cells that recognize transglutamine tissue are helped by T cells that recognize gliadin.
    • When tolerance to self proteins is lost, DQ may become involved in autoimmune disease.
    • Two autoimmune diseases in which HLA-DQ is involved are celiac disease and diabetes mellitus type 1.
    • As a variable cell surface receptor on immune cells, these D antigens, originally HL-A4 antigens, are involved in graft versus host disease when lymphoid tissues are transplanted between people.
    • Define cell-mediated autoimmunity and describe the mechanisms that are thought to operate in the pathogenesis of autoimmune disease
  • Rickettsial Diseases

    • Rickettsia is a genus of bacteria that can be transmitted by arthropod vectors to humans, causing diseases.
    • Rickettsia is a genus of bacteria that can be transmitted by arthropod vectors to humans, causing disease.
    • They are obligate intracellular parasites, and must replicate within the cytoplasm of eukaryotic host cells.
    • They have also been associated with a range of plant diseases.
    • Rickettsia rickettsii is a small bacterium that grows inside the cells of its hosts.
  • Normal Genitourinary Microbiota

    • Some of these organisms perform tasks that are useful for the human host.
    • Those that are expected to be present and that under normal circumstances do not cause disease, but instead participate in maintaining health, are deemed members of the normal flora.
    • Their role forms part of normal, healthy human physiology; however, if microbe numbers grow beyond their typical ranges (often due to a compromised immune system) or if microbes populate atypical areas of the body (such as through poor hygiene or injury), disease can result.
    • Bacterial cells are much smaller than human cells, and there are at least ten times as many bacteria as human cells in the body (approximately 1014 versus 1013).
  • Other Infectious Eye Diseases

    • Pathogenesis of the fungal contaminants includes a wide range of factors such as invasiveness, toxigenicity, and host factors.
    • Stromal disease is an immune response.
    • A single-celled parasite called Toxoplasma gondii causes a disease known as toxoplasmosis.
    • Ophthalmologists sometimes prescribe medicine to treat active disease.
    • Whether or not medication is recommended depends on the size of the eye lesion, the location, and the characteristics of the lesion (acute active, versus chronic not progressing).
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