Complement

Examples of Complement in the following topics:

• The Complement System

  • In this concept, we will discuss the complement system.
  • Cells of the liver and macrophages synthesize complement proteins continuously.
  • After the first few complement proteins bind, a cascade of sequential binding events follows in which the pathogen rapidly becomes coated in complement proteins.
  • Complement proteins perform several functions.
  • The classic pathway for the complement cascade involves the attachment of several initial complement proteins to an antibody-bound pathogen, followed by rapid activation and binding of many more complement proteins and the creation of destructive pores in the microbial cell envelope and cell wall.

• The Complement System

  • The complement system helps antibodies and phagocytic cells clear pathogens from an organism.
  • The complement system plays a crucial role in the innate defense against common pathogens.
  • More recently, however, the role of the complement in the immune response has been expanded due to observations that link complement activation to adaptive immune responses.
  • The complement system can be activated through three major pathways: classical, lectin, and alternative.
  • It has become increasingly understood that complement functions in host defense extend beyond innate immune responses.

• Complement Fixation

  • Complement fixation is a method that demonstrates antibody presence in patient serum.
  • Complement fixation is a classic method for demonstrating the presence of antibody in patient serum.
  • The complement fixation test consists of two components.
  • These two components of the complement fixation method are tested in sequence.
  • Patient serum is first added to the known antigen, and complement is added to the solution.

• Complements

  • The literal complement of a pitch-class set is every pitch not included in that set.
  • The complement of any n-chord is always a 12-n chord.
  • Its literal complement is all of the notes not a part of it: [3,4,5,6,7,8,9,T,E].
  • When we put both of those pitch-class sets in prime form, the two are said to be abstract complement:
  • Below, you'll see that the set (012345678) has exactly 6 more of each type of interval class than does its complement (012).

• The Complement System

  • The complement system helps or "complements" the ability of antibodies and phagocytic cells to clear pathogens from an organism.
  • The complement system helps or "complements" the ability of antibodies and phagocytic cells to clear pathogens from an organism.
  • Three biochemical pathways activate the complement system: the classical complement pathway, the alternative complement pathway, and the lectin pathway.
  • Kupffer cells and other macrophage cell types help clear complement-coated pathogens.
  • Such immunoglobulin-mediated binding of the complement may be interpreted, as that the complement uses the ability of the immunoglobulin to detect and bind to non-self antigens as its guiding stick.

• Role of the Complement System in Immunity

  • The complement system is the ability of antibodies and phagocytic cells to remove pathogens from an organism.
  • The complement system helps or "complements" the ability of antibodies and phagocytic cells to clear pathogens from an organism.
  • There are three different pathways by which the complement system may occur.
  • The classical complement pathway is the main pathway by which the complement system occurs.
  • The classical and alternative complement pathways start off differently, but end in the same cascade of complement proteins that combine to form a membrane attack complex.

• Complementation

  • Complementation refers to a relationship between two different strains of an organism which both have homozygous recessive mutations.
  • If, when these strains are crossed with each other, some offspring show recovery of the wild-type phenotype, they are said to show "genetic complementation".
  • A complementation test (sometimes called a "cis-trans" test) refers to this experiment, developed by American geneticist Edward B.
  • Complementation arises because loss of function in genes responsible for different steps in the same metabolic pathway can give rise to the same phenotype.
  • Example of a complementation test.

• Complement of an event

  • The complement of event A is denoted Ac, and Ac represents all outcomes not in A.
  • However, using the complement can save a lot of time as problems grow in complexity.
  • 2.26: (a) The complement of A: when the total is equal to 12.
  • (c) As before, finding the complement is the clever way to determine P(D).
  • Event D = {2, 3} and its complement, Dc = {1, 4, 5, 6}.

• Complementary Events

  • The complement of $A$ is the event in which $A$ does not occur.
  • In probability theory, the complement of any event $A$ is the event $[\text{not}\ A]$, i.e. the event in which $A$ does not occur.
  • The event $A$ and its complement $[\text{not}\ A]$ are mutually exclusive and exhaustive, meaning that if one occurs, the other does not, and that both groups cover all possibilities.
  • Generally, there is only one event $B$ such that $A$ and $B$ are both mutually exclusive and exhaustive; that event is the complement of $A$ .
  • The complement of an event $A$ is usually denoted as $A'$, $A^c$ or $\bar{A}$.

• Communicating Examples

  • Examples help the audience understand the key points; they should be to the point and complement the topic.
  • Examples are most effective when they are used as a complement to a key point in the presentation and focus on the important topics of the presentation.
  • One method of effectively communicating examples is by using an example to clarify and complement a main point of a presentation.
  • An example like this would act as a complement and help the audience better understand how to use incentives to improve performance in the workplace.