calorie

Examples of calorie in the following topics:

• Contour Plots

  • Consider the Figure 1 that contains data on the fat, non-sugar carbohydrates, and calories present in a variety of breakfast cereals.
  • Each line shows the carbohydrate and fat levels for cereals with the same number of calories.
  • The areas with the same number of calories are shaded.
  • A contour plot showing calories as a function of fat and carbohydrates
  • A contour plot showing calories as a function of fat and carbohydrates with areas shaded.

• 3D Plots

  • Figure 1 shows a 3D scatter plot of the fat, non-sugar carbohydrates, and calories from a variety of cereal types.
  • A 3D scatter plot showing fat, non-sugar carbohydrates, and calories from a variety of cereal types
  • An alternative 3D scatter plot showing fat, non-sugar carbohydrates, and calories.

• Heat as Energy Transfer

  • The calorie (cal) is a common unit of energy, defined as the energy needed to change the temperature of 1.00 g of water by 1.00ºC —specifically, between 14.5ºC and 15.5ºC, since there is a slight temperature dependence.
  • Food calories (given the notation Cal, and sometimes called "big calorie") are actually kilocalories (1kilocalorie=1000 calories), a fact not easily determined from package labeling in the United States, but more common in Europe and elsewhere.

• Fitting a line by least squares regression exercises

  • The scatterplot below shows the relationship between the number of calories and amount of carbohydrates (in grams) Starbucks food menu items contain.
  • Since Starbucks only lists the number of calories on the display items, we are interested in predicting the amount of carbs a menu item has based on its calorie content.
  • (a) Describe the relationship between number of calories and amount of carbohydrates (in grams) that Starbucks food menu items contain.
  • Based on the scatterplot and the residual plot provided, describe the relationship between the protein content and calories of these menu items, and determine if a simple linear model is appropriate to predict amount of protein from the number of calories.

• Hypothesis testing exercises

  • (a) Since 2008, chain restaurants in California have been required to display calorie counts of each menu item.
  • Prior to menus displaying calorie counts, the average calorie intake of diners at a restaurant was 1100 calories.
  • After calorie counts started to be displayed on menus, a nutritionist collected data on the number of calories consumed at this restaurant from a random sample of diners.
  • A random sample of 35 bags yielded a sample mean of 134 calories with a standard deviation of 17 calories.
  • The data do not provide convincing evidence that the true average calorie content in bags of potato chips is different than 130 calories.

• Constant-Volume Calorimetry

  • Bomb calorimetry is used to measure the heat that a reaction absorbs or releases, and is practically used to measure the calorie content of food.
  • For instance, if we were interested in determining the heat content of a sushi roll, for example, we would be looking to find out the number of calories it contains.

• Importance of Carbohydrates

  • Calorie-wise, a gram of carbohydrate provides 4.3 Kcal.
  • A low-calorie diet that is rich in whole grains, fruits, vegetables, and lean meat, together with plenty of exercise and plenty of water, is the more sensible way to lose weight.

• Proteins: Sources, Uses in the Body, and Dietary Requirements

  • It should not be confused with low-carb diets, such as the Atkins Diet, which are not calorie-controlled and which often contain large amounts of fat.
  • Extreme protein intake (in excess of 200g per day), coupled with inadequate intake of other calorie sources (fat or carbohydrates), can cause a form of metabolic disturbance and death commonly known as rabbit starvation.

• Transferring of Energy between Trophic Levels

  • The lion is missing the energy-rich bone marrow inside the bone, so the lion does not make use of all the calories its prey could provide.
  • For example, it costs about $0.01 to produce 1000 dietary calories (kcal) of corn or soybeans, but approximately $0.19 to produce a similar number of calories growing cattle for beef consumption.

• Homework

  • The percent of fat calories that a person in America consumes each day is normally distributed with a mean of about 36 and a standard deviation of 10.
  • Let X = percent of fat calories.
  • Find the probability that the percent of fat calories a person consumes is more than 40.
  • Find the maximum number for the lower quarter of percent of fat calories.