Batteries

A dry-cell battery uses an immobilized electrolyte that minimizes moisture and allows for superior portability.

Mercury batteries were a common electrochemical battery that were phased out of mainstream use in the U.S. by the 1996 Battery Act.

Lead-acid batteries provide high currents and store charge for long periods of time, making them essential for vehicles.

The demand for many varieties of rechargeable batteries is due to their lower cost and lower environmental impact.

Lithium-ion batteries are rechargeable batteries commonly used in consumer electronics; they rely on Li⁺ migration.

Fuel cells are a compelling alternative to batteries, but they are still in the early stages of development.