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Cross-Training and Job Sharing

Cross training involves workers being trained in tangent job functions, while job sharing involves two people working together on the same job.

Learning Objective

  • Explain cross-training and job training


Key Points

    • Cross training involves workers being trained in tangent job functions to increase oversight in ways that are impossible through management interactions with workers alone; it also empowers them to be more effective.
    • Job sharing is an employment arrangement where typically two people are retained on a part time or reduced time basis to perform a job normally fulfilled by one person working full time.
    • There are challenges associated with making job sharing work, but studies show that net productivity increases when two people share the same 40-hour job.

Terms

  • Cross-training

    Cross-training in business operations involves training employees to engage in quality control measures. Employees are trained in tangent job functions to increase oversight in ways that are impossible through management interactions with workers alone.

  • job sharing

    Job sharing is an employment arrangement where typically two people are retained on a part-time or reduced-time basis to perform a job normally fulfilled by one person working full-time.

  • featherbedding

    The employment of more workers than is necessary because of union rules, especially upon the introduction of new technology

  • job specification

    the criteria required to be filled by an employee


Example

    • Mary and Susan job share. Mary works on Monday and Tuesday, and Susan occupies the same position on Thursday and Friday. Mary and Susan both work on Wednesday. This is when they update each other on the current status of the projects on which they collaborate.

Full Text

Cross-Training and Job Sharing

What is Cross-training?

Cross-training in business operations involves training employees to engage in quality control measures. Employees are trained in tangent job functions to increase oversight in ways that are impossible through management interactions with workers alone .

Workers working together on an assembly line

Workers on an assembly line, who normally do a single task, benefit from cross-training to develop their skills and be able to work on a variety of areas.

Advantages

The advantages of cross-training employees include the following:

  • Helps customers and clients by empowering employees to answer questions about the entire organization
  • Illuminates inefficient methods, outdated techniques, and bureaucratic drift, which allows staff to re-evaluate the work methods
  • Raises awareness of how other departments operate
  • Enhances routine scheduling and enables staff to move around the tasks of the operation
  • Better coverage, increased flexibility, and the ability to cope with unexpected absences, emergencies, and illnesses
  • Increases the employability of staff who have the opportunity to train in areas outside of their original responsibilities

There are other, more general advantages as well:

  • Increased flexibility and versatility
  • Appreciated intellectual capital
  • Improved individual efficiency
  • Increased standardization of jobs
  • Heightened morale

Job Sharing

Job sharing is an employment arrangement where typically two people are retained on a part time or reduced time basis to perform a job normally fulfilled by one person working full time. Compensation is apportioned between the workers, thus leading to a net reduction in per employee income. Job sharing should not be confused with the more pejorative term featherbedding, which describes the deliberate retention of excess workers on a payroll. For employees seeking more free time, job sharing may be a way to take back more control of their personal lives. Employees who job share frequently attribute their decision to quality of life issues. Studies have shown that net productivity increases when two people share the same 40-hour job.

However, there is an inherent challenge in making job sharing work for the rest of the company's stakeholders. The hand-off or handover communication between those sharing the job is essential, and co workers must adapt to working with each other. For example, one person is responsible for a task on Monday, but another performs it on Tuesday.

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