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Boundless Biology
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Chapter 14

DNA Structure and Function

Book Version 32
By Boundless
Boundless Biology
Biology
by Boundless
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Section 1
Historical Basis of Modern Understanding
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Discovery of DNA

The discovery of DNA is generally credited to Watson and Crick, but many other scientists contributed to the discovery. 

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Modern Applications of DNA

DNA has many applications in a variety of fields including forensics and medicine.

Section 2
DNA Structure and Sequencing
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The Structure and Sequence of DNA

DNA is a double helix of two anti-parallel, complementary strands having a phosphate-sugar backbone with nitrogenous bases stacked inside.

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DNA Sequencing Techniques

DNA sequencing techniques are used to determine the order of nucleotides (A,T,C,G) in a DNA molecule.

Section 3
DNA Replication
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Basics of DNA Replication

DNA replication uses a semi-conservative method that results in a double-stranded DNA with one parental strand and a new daughter strand.

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DNA Replication in Prokaryotes

Prokaryotic DNA is replicated by DNA polymerase III in the 5' to 3' direction at a rate of 1000 nucleotides per second.

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DNA Replication in Eukaryotes

DNA replication in eukaryotes occurs in three stages: initiation, elongation, and termination, which are aided by several enzymes.

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Telomere Replication

As DNA polymerase alone cannot replicate the ends of chromosomes, telomerase aids in their replication and prevents chromosome degradation.

Section 4
DNA Repair
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DNA Repair

Most mistakes during replication are corrected by DNA polymerase during replication or by post-replication repair mechanisms.

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Boundless Biology by Boundless
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Chapter 13
Modern Understandings of Inheritance
  • Chromosomal Theory and Genetic Linkage
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Chapter 14
DNA Structure and Function
  • Historical Basis of Modern Understanding
  • DNA Structure and Sequencing
  • DNA Replication
  • DNA Repair
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Genes and Proteins
  • The Genetic Code
  • Prokaryotic Transcription
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