transduction

Examples of transduction in the following topics:

• Prokaryotic Reproduction

  • Prokaryotes reproduce asexually by binary fission; they can also exchange genetic material by transformation, transduction, and conjugation.
  • In transduction, bacteriophages, the viruses that infect bacteria, sometimes also move short pieces of chromosomal DNA from one bacterium to another.
  • Transduction results in a recombinant organism.
  • In (b) transduction, a bacteriophage injects DNA into the cell that contains a small fragment of DNA from a different prokaryote.

• Transduction of Sound

  • The cochlea is a whorled structure, like the shell of a snail, and it contains receptors for transduction of the mechanical wave into an electrical signal.
  • The site of transduction is in the organ of Corti (spiral organ).
  • The organ of Corti (bottom image) is the site of sound transduction.

• Transduction of Light

  • The rods and cones are the site of transduction of light into a neural signal.

• Transduction and Perception

  • Transduction is the process that converts a sensory signal to an electrical signal to be processed in a specialized area in the brain.

• Reception

  • This process is called sensory transduction.
  • There are two broad types of cellular systems that perform sensory transduction.
  • In the second type of sensory transduction, a sensory nerve ending responds to a stimulus in the internal or external environment; this neuron constitutes the sensory receptor.

• Reception and Transduction

  • Transduction of the five tastes happens through different mechanisms that reflect the molecular composition of the tastant.

• Termination of the Signal Cascade

  • Ligand binding to the receptor allows for signal transduction through the cell.

• Excitation–Contraction Coupling

  • It is the link (transduction) between the action potential generated in the sarcolemma and the start of a muscle contraction .

• How Hormones Work

  • The hormone binds to the receptor protein, resulting in the activation of a signal transduction mechanism that ultimately leads to cell type-specific responses.

• Anatomy of the Eye

  • The retina, a thin layer of cells located on the inner surface of the back of the eye, consists of photoreceptive cells, which are responsible for the transduction of light into nervous impulses.