I know that a certificate that's been signed by a CA contains identifiers for both the subject and the issuer's public keys:
$ openssl x509 -in cert.pem -text
X509v3 Subject Key Identifier:
EC:27: ...
X509v3 Authority Key Identifier:
keyid:AF:08: ...
I can extract the public key of the subject:
$ openssl x509 -in cert.pem -pubkey
-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----
T5l...
-----END PUBLIC KEY-----
Is it possible to extract the full public key of the issuer? Is a special type of certificate required to do this?
If the .pem file doesn't contain the issuer's public key, then how does validation work - is the identifier sufficient to check that a certificate has been signed by the identifier's corresponding public key?