| Table 4.1a: Separation of mother & infant during postpartum transition by facility type, size, NICU level, and region | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CDC National Survey of Maternity Practices in Infant Nutrition and Care (mPINC)-2009 | ||||||
| How many minutes are mothers & infants separated following vaginal birth in transition to recovery room | ||||||
| No separation | <30 minutes | 31-60 minutes | 61-90 minutes | >90 minutes | N | |
| All | 57.6 | 7.6 | 14.8 | 7.0 | 12.9 | 2621 |
| Type of facility | ||||||
| Birth center | 95.8 | 3.4 | 0.8 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 118 |
| Government hospital | 49.3 | 12.5 | 17.8 | 5.7 | 14.7 | 511 |
| Non-profit hospital | 60.9 | 6.5 | 14.6 | 6.6 | 11.3 | 1648 |
| Private hospital | 38.2 | 6.5 | 17.4 | 14.3 | 23.6 | 322 |
| Military hospital | 85.7 | 9.5 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 4.8 | 21 |
| Teaching hospital | ||||||
| Yes | 50.0 | 1.2 | 18.0 | 6.4 | 24.4 | 172 |
| No | 56.3 | 8.2 | 15.3 | 7.4 | 12.7 | 2330 |
| Size of facility | ||||||
| 0-249 | 64.6 | 17.6 | 10.9 | 2.4 | 4.5 | 579 |
| 250-499 | 58.6 | 8.9 | 18.3 | 5.6 | 8.5 | 447 |
| 500-999 | 57.8 | 5.5 | 14.4 | 8.2 | 14.1 | 547 |
| 1000-1999 | 52.3 | 2.7 | 18.7 | 9.2 | 17.2 | 524 |
| 2000-4999 | 54.1 | 2.0 | 13.5 | 9.8 | 20.6 | 451 |
| 5000 or more | 52.4 | 3.2 | 9.5 | 11.1 | 23.8 | 63 |
| Unknown | 80.0 | 10.0 | 0.0 | 10.0 | 0.0 | 10 |
| Level of Neonatal Care | ||||||
| Healthy newborn only | 61.5 | 13.0 | 14.2 | 3.9 | 7.4 | 1069 |
| Level 1 or 2 NICU | 57.1 | 4.7 | 15.4 | 8.5 | 14.4 | 1009 |
| Level 3 NICU | 51.2 | 2.2 | 15.1 | 10.3 | 21.2 | 543 |
| Census region | ||||||
| Pacific | 80.7 | 4.8 | 6.5 | 3.1 | 4.8 | 352 |
| Mountain | 64.8 | 11.9 | 13.7 | 4.6 | 5.0 | 219 |
| West North Central | 62.3 | 15.8 | 17.7 | 2.3 | 2.0 | 355 |
| East North Central | 68.4 | 8.1 | 12.8 | 4.3 | 6.5 | 446 |
| West South Central | 39.9 | 4.1 | 15.1 | 14.2 | 26.7 | 318 |
| East South Central | 26.9 | 6.4 | 24.6 | 14.0 | 28.1 | 171 |
| New England | 75.4 | 6.0 | 15.7 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 134 |
| Middle Atlantic | 37.6 | 5.1 | 24.1 | 13.9 | 19.4 | 237 |
| South Atlantic | 50.4 | 4.9 | 12.3 | 8.2 | 24.2 | 389 |
| Table 4.2a: Separation of mother & infant at night by facility type, size, NICU level, and region | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CDC National Survey of Maternity Practices in Infant Nutrition and Care (mPINC)-2009 | ||||||
| How many hours are breastfeeding mother-infant pairs separated at night | ||||||
| No separation | 1-2 hours | 3-5 hours | 5-7 hours | 8 or more hours | N | |
| All | 70.5 | 11.0 | 8.4 | 8.2 | 2.0 | 2607 |
| Type of facility | ||||||
| Birth center | 100.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 116 |
| Government hospital | 70.6 | 11.4 | 8.0 | 7.8 | 2.2 | 510 |
| Non-profit hospital | 69.8 | 10.4 | 8.6 | 9.1 | 2.0 | 1641 |
| Private hospital | 61.9 | 17.0 | 11.3 | 7.5 | 2.2 | 318 |
| Military hospital | 85.7 | 14.3 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 21 |
| Teaching hospital | ||||||
| Yes | 73.4 | 9.2 | 8.1 | 7.5 | 1.7 | 173 |
| No | 68.8 | 11.7 | 8.8 | 8.7 | 2.1 | 2317 |
| Size of facility | ||||||
| 0-249 | 77.2 | 7.8 | 7.8 | 6.1 | 1.0 | 575 |
| 250-499 | 65.3 | 13.3 | 8.4 | 10.9 | 2.0 | 450 |
| 500-999 | 67.0 | 14.6 | 7.6 | 8.9 | 1.9 | 540 |
| 1000-1999 | 68.1 | 11.4 | 9.1 | 9.1 | 2.3 | 517 |
| 2000-4999 | 73.5 | 8.4 | 9.1 | 6.6 | 2.4 | 453 |
| 5000 or more | 69.4 | 8.1 | 9.7 | 8.1 | 4.8 | 62 |
| Unknown | 100.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 10 |
| Level of Neonatal Care | ||||||
| Healthy newborn only | 72.9 | 9.6 | 8.3 | 7.8 | 1.3 | 1058 |
| Level 1 or 2 NICU | 68.1 | 12.9 | 7.9 | 9.5 | 1.7 | 1003 |
| Level 3 NICU | 70.3 | 10.1 | 9.3 | 6.6 | 3.7 | 546 |
| Census region | ||||||
| Pacific | 89.9 | 6.0 | 1.1 | 1.7 | 1.1 | 348 |
| Mountain | 84.4 | 9.2 | 2.3 | 3.7 | 0.5 | 218 |
| West North Central | 65.9 | 9.6 | 11.0 | 12.4 | 1.1 | 355 |
| East North Central | 69.6 | 9.4 | 10.7 | 8.4 | 1.8 | 438 |
| West South Central | 70.7 | 12.9 | 6.6 | 6.9 | 2.8 | 317 |
| East South Central | 50.0 | 18.2 | 14.7 | 12.9 | 4.1 | 170 |
| New England | 75.8 | 8.3 | 6.8 | 7.6 | 1.5 | 132 |
| Middle Atlantic | 54.6 | 12.6 | 13.9 | 15.1 | 3.8 | 238 |
| South Atlantic | 67.3 | 14.6 | 9.0 | 7.4 | 1.8 | 391 |
| Table 4.3a: Rooming in at least 23 hours a day by facility type, size, NICU level, and region | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CDC National Survey of Maternity Practices in Infant Nutrition and Care (mPINC)-2009 | |||||
| What percent of healthy full-term infants room with their mothers at least 23 hours a day | |||||
| <10% | 10-49% | 50-89% | 90% or more | N | |
| All | 40.5 | 17.6 | 8.6 | 33.4 | 2626 |
| Type of facility | |||||
| Birth center | 0.8 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 99.2 | 118 |
| Government hospital | 40.7 | 15.7 | 8.8 | 34.8 | 511 |
| Non-profit hospital | 42.3 | 19.4 | 9.6 | 28.8 | 1652 |
| Private hospital | 47.7 | 18.9 | 6.5 | 26.9 | 323 |
| Military hospital | 9.5 | 0.0 | 4.8 | 85.7 | 21 |
| Teaching hospital | |||||
| Yes | 43.1 | 15.5 | 10.3 | 31.0 | 174 |
| No | 42.3 | 18.6 | 8.9 | 30.2 | 2333 |
| Size of facility | |||||
| 0-249 | 33.6 | 13.0 | 6.9 | 46.5 | 583 |
| 250-499 | 44.4 | 19.6 | 8.7 | 27.3 | 450 |
| 500-999 | 44.4 | 19.6 | 6.1 | 29.9 | 545 |
| 1000-1999 | 45.0 | 17.7 | 10.1 | 27.2 | 525 |
| 2000-4999 | 37.5 | 18.8 | 11.1 | 32.6 | 451 |
| 5000 or more | 32.3 | 21.0 | 16.1 | 30.6 | 62 |
| Unknown | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 100.0 | 10 |
| Level of Neonatal Care | |||||
| Healthy newborn only | 36.8 | 16.1 | 7.3 | 39.8 | 1070 |
| Level 1 or 2 NICU | 43.0 | 18.8 | 9.4 | 28.9 | 1012 |
| Level 3 NICU | 43.0 | 18.4 | 9.6 | 29.0 | 544 |
| Census region | |||||
| Pacific | 15.1 | 6.0 | 9.1 | 69.8 | 351 |
| Mountain | 24.2 | 11.4 | 11.4 | 53.0 | 219 |
| West North Central | 46.0 | 24.0 | 9.5 | 20.6 | 359 |
| East North Central | 43.0 | 23.6 | 12.5 | 20.9 | 440 |
| West South Central | 43.1 | 11.9 | 6.3 | 38.8 | 320 |
| East South Central | 64.0 | 19.2 | 4.7 | 12.2 | 172 |
| New England | 35.6 | 26.5 | 8.3 | 29.5 | 132 |
| Middle Atlantic | 57.1 | 22.5 | 5.4 | 15.0 | 240 |
| South Atlantic | 43.5 | 16.8 | 6.9 | 32.8 | 393 |
| Table 4.4a: Reasons for removing healthy full-term breastfed infants from mother's room by facility type, size, NICU level, and region | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CDC National Survey of Maternity Practices in Infant Nutrition and Care (mPINC)-2009 | ||||||||||
| Pediatric rounds | Change of shift | Visiting hours | Hearing test | Heel stick | Infant photos | Infant' bath | Mother bathing | Mother out of room | N | |
| All | 60.2 | 17.9 | 2.7 | 86.2 | 88.8 | 54.3 | 67.9 | 64.0 | 85.9 | 2664 |
| Type of facility | ||||||||||
| Birth center | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 80.0 | 80.0 | 33.3 | 60.0 | 40.0 | 60.0 | 118 |
| Government hospital | 64.7 | 21.7 | 3.4 | 90.0 | 89.3 | 62.0 | 78.0 | 70.9 | 89.8 | 524 |
| Non-profit hospital | 56.4 | 15.1 | 2.3 | 86.4 | 88.2 | 52.8 | 64.3 | 62.4 | 84.8 | 1671 |
| Private hospital | 75.3 | 28.4 | 4.3 | 79.6 | 91.2 | 53.4 | 74.4 | 64.9 | 88.7 | 329 |
| Military hospital | 50.0 | 5.3 | 0.0 | 85.0 | 90.0 | 18.8 | 33.3 | 30.0 | 50.0 | 21 |
| Teaching hospital | ||||||||||
| Yes | 58.8 | 12.4 | 1.8 | 80.0 | 80.7 | 27.0 | 65.5 | 58.9 | 88.7 | 177 |
| No | 60.5 | 18.4 | 2.8 | 86.7 | 89.5 | 56.5 | 68.2 | 64.5 | 85.8 | 2368 |
| Size of facility | ||||||||||
| 0-249 | 49.2 | 13.1 | 4.6 | 93.6 | 92.6 | 66.8 | 74.2 | 77.3 | 89.8 | 591 |
| 250-499 | 69.3 | 17.4 | 3.4 | 96.6 | 96.6 | 81.3 | 80.3 | 70.5 | 90.1 | 456 |
| 500-999 | 64.5 | 25.2 | 2.3 | 91.5 | 91.1 | 72.3 | 66.5 | 63.2 | 85.8 | 554 |
| 1000-1999 | 60.0 | 20.9 | 1.9 | 80.1 | 86.8 | 39.0 | 61.8 | 59.9 | 84.9 | 528 |
| 2000-4999 | 57.5 | 12.8 | 2.1 | 72.6 | 79.4 | 17.7 | 58.8 | 54.7 | 81.3 | 462 |
| 5000 or more | 56.5 | 4.8 | 1.6 | 70.5 | 76.2 | 26.2 | 69.4 | 43.5 | 75.8 | 63 |
| Unknown | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 0.0 | 100.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 10 |
| Level of Neonatal Care | ||||||||||
| Healthy newborn only | 57.6 | 17.0 | 4.1 | 93.5 | 93.9 | 71.7 | 73.7 | 70.7 | 87.7 | 1086 |
| Level 1 or 2 NICU | 61.2 | 20.3 | 2.2 | 86.8 | 88.9 | 55.0 | 65.4 | 61.8 | 86.1 | 1022 |
| Level 3 NICU | 62.6 | 15.2 | 1.6 | 73.3 | 80.6 | 25.6 | 63.3 | 57.4 | 82.7 | 556 |
| Census region | ||||||||||
| Pacific | 25.9 | 6.0 | 1.6 | 70.2 | 73.7 | 37.3 | 45.9 | 47.0 | 67.9 | 353 |
| Mountain | 38.7 | 8.0 | 3.1 | 83.6 | 87.1 | 43.2 | 69.6 | 64.2 | 83.3 | 223 |
| West North Central | 58.8 | 12.1 | 2.8 | 92.7 | 92.2 | 55.1 | 70.5 | 78.5 | 92.4 | 362 |
| East North Central | 61.8 | 10.7 | 1.7 | 92.3 | 91.1 | 61.3 | 65.7 | 66.3 | 88.9 | 451 |
| West South Central | 78.5 | 32.5 | 1.3 | 79.5 | 90.6 | 57.6 | 80.3 | 64.0 | 88.0 | 325 |
| East South Central | 86.6 | 45.0 | 4.0 | 88.4 | 92.7 | 68.1 | 88.5 | 72.8 | 95.1 | 175 |
| New England | 38.7 | 3.3 | 0.0 | 93.7 | 88.0 | 37.7 | 41.9 | 41.0 | 75.4 | 134 |
| Middle Atlantic | 71.0 | 23.5 | 5.3 | 93.5 | 91.8 | 59.3 | 70.4 | 72.2 | 91.2 | 242 |
| South Atlantic | 70.4 | 24.3 | 4.3 | 81.6 | 90.2 | 55.9 | 72.7 | 58.7 | 84.9 | 399 |
| Table 4.5a: Nighttime feedings for non-rooming-in infants by facility type, size, NICU level, and region | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CDC National Survey of Maternity Practices in Infant Nutrition and Care (mPINC)-2009 | ||||||
| How many breastfeeding infants who do not room-in are brought to the mother for breastfeeding at night | ||||||
| Few | Some | Many | Most | Not sure | N | |
| All | 1.1 | 4.0 | 14.8 | 79.7 | 0.4 | 2271 |
| Type of facility | ||||||
| Birth center | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 100.0 | 0.0 | 5 |
| Government hospital | 1.2 | 4.0 | 11.4 | 81.8 | 1.6 | 428 |
| Non-profit hospital | 0.9 | 3.9 | 15.6 | 79.4 | 0.1 | 1522 |
| Private hospital | 1.7 | 4.4 | 16.6 | 76.9 | 0.3 | 295 |
| Military hospital | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 100.0 | 0.0 | 20 |
| Teaching hospital | ||||||
| Yes | 2.9 | 10.0 | 18.2 | 68.2 | 0.6 | 170 |
| No | 0.9 | 3.5 | 14.6 | 80.6 | 0.4 | 2095 |
| Size of facility | ||||||
| 0-249 | 0.5 | 1.0 | 7.0 | 91.0 | 0.5 | 388 |
| 250-499 | 0.7 | 1.2 | 11.7 | 86.4 | 0.0 | 403 |
| 500-999 | 1.0 | 3.2 | 14.0 | 81.3 | 0.4 | 493 |
| 1000-1999 | 0.6 | 5.9 | 17.4 | 75.7 | 0.4 | 493 |
| 2000-4999 | 2.3 | 6.7 | 21.2 | 69.1 | 0.7 | 430 |
| 5000 or more | 1.6 | 11.1 | 25.4 | 60.3 | 1.6 | 63 |
| Level of Neonatal Care | ||||||
| Healthy newborn only | 0.9 | 1.2 | 10.8 | 86.7 | 0.4 | 822 |
| Level 1 or 2 NICU | 0.6 | 4.1 | 15.2 | 79.9 | 0.1 | 927 |
| Level 3 NICU | 2.1 | 8.0 | 20.3 | 68.4 | 1.1 | 522 |
| Census region | ||||||
| Pacific | 1.6 | 3.5 | 10.2 | 83.9 | 0.8 | 255 |
| Mountain | 0.6 | 1.8 | 11.6 | 86.0 | 0.0 | 164 |
| West North Central | 0.0 | 2.1 | 10.3 | 87.0 | 0.6 | 331 |
| East North Central | 0.2 | 3.4 | 15.9 | 80.5 | 0.0 | 415 |
| West South Central | 1.2 | 6.6 | 17.4 | 73.9 | 0.8 | 241 |
| East South Central | 0.0 | 4.8 | 16.9 | 77.7 | 0.6 | 166 |
| New England | 0.8 | 2.4 | 15.1 | 81.7 | 0.0 | 126 |
| Middle Atlantic | 1.7 | 5.6 | 21.1 | 71.6 | 0.0 | 232 |
| South Atlantic | 2.9 | 5.0 | 15.5 | 75.7 | 0.9 | 341 |