Numic languages

Examples of Numic languages in the following topics:

• Great Basin Culture

  • Except for the Washoe, most of the groups spoke Numic languages.
  • Some groups may have not have spoken Numic languages, but no relics of their linguistic patterns remain today.

• Conclusion: Pre-Colonial Development of North America

  • Most peoples of the Great Basin shared certain common cultural elements that distinguished them from other surrounding cultures, and except for the Washoe, most of the groups spoke Numic languages.

• The Language of Liberty

  • The American "language of liberty" refers to individuals' right to life, liberty and property, and the duty to participate in civic affairs.
  • The American language of liberty is a concept deeply rooted in the Anglo-American colonial experience as well as the American Revolution.
  • Broadly, the "language of liberty" includes widespread political participation and the duty of the citizen to safeguard against arbitrary despotism; the right of citizens to life and liberty, and the Bill of Rights' protections from politically corrupted governance.
  • The language of liberty, significantly, did not apply to slaves, who were deemed as chattel property.

• Americanization and Pluralism

  • Foreign language use declined dramatically, with many immigrants signing up for English-language classes.
  • She also worked as managing director of the North American Civil League for Immigrants and was involved in the American Association of Foreign Language Newspapers, which linked American advertisers and foreign-language newspapers for immigrants, and the Progressive National Committee, a political organizing group for Theodore Roosevelt’s Progressive Party.

• German Immigration

  • The Germans worked hard to maintain and cultivate their language, especially through newspapers and classes in elementary and high schools.
  • German Americans in many cities, such as Milwaukee, brought their strong support of education, establishing German-language schools and teacher-training seminaries (Töchter-Institut) to prepare students and teachers in German-language training.

• The Anti-German Crusade

  • In early September, Congress passed a bill requiring all German-language newspapers published in the United States to print English translations of any commentary about U.S. government policies and international relations or the state or conduct of the war.
  • Language was a major fear factor driving the anti-German hatred and manifested itself in legislation that attempted to isolate foreign-language practitioners.
  • In the 1918 Babel Proclamation, the governor of Iowa prohibited all foreign languages in schools and public places.
  • Nebraska barred instruction in any language except English, although the U.S.
  • The response by German-Americans was often to "Americanize" their names (e.g. changing Schmidt to Smith, or Müller to Miller) and limit their use of the German language in public places, especially churches.

• Blue Water Imperialism

  • The American language of liberty is a concept deeply rooted in the Anglo-American colonial experience as well as the American Revolution.
  • Broadly, the "language of liberty" includes widespread political participation, the duty of the citizen to safeguard against arbitrary despotism, and the right of citizens to life and liberty.
  • Significantly, the language of liberty did not apply to American Indians (who were not considered citizens), women (who were largely considered property of their husbands), and slaves (who were deemed as chattel property).
  • Despite the values inherent in the language of liberty, this language did not apply to slaves, and colonial culture safeguarded American slavery as a fundamental right of white men to their property.

• Coercive Patriotism

  • The great majority decided to stay in America and foreign language use declined dramatically.
  • Some states attempted to restrict the use and teaching of the German language, which led to court challenges.

• Immigration Restriction League

  • Potential immigrants were required to be able to read their own language.
  • In 1896, congress passed a literacy bill for the first time, which required that immigrants be able to at least 40 words in any language before they could be admitted to the United States.

• The Philippine-American War

  • The war resulted in an estimated 34,000 to 220,000 Philippine casualties (with more civilians dying from disease and hunger brought about by war); the disestablishment of the Roman Catholic Church as the state religion; and the introduction of the English language in the islands as the primary language of government, education, business, and industry, and increasingly in future decades, of families and educated individuals.