map projection

(noun)

any systematic method of transforming the spherical representation of parallels, meridians and geographic features of the Earth's surface to a nonspherical surface, usually a plane

Related Terms

  • exponential growth
  • mathematical model

Examples of map projection in the following topics:

  • Mapping the Earth

    • We reduce the complexity of the Earth and its inhabitants so we can portray them on a map by selecting the most relevant features for our specific project and then generalizing those features.
    • If the geographic extent of your project area is small, like a neighborhood or a portion of a city, you can assume that the Earth is flat in making your map.
    • Map projections are what enable the reshaping of the Earth through mathematically transformations of spherical coordinates (x, y, and z) into 2-dimensional (x and y) space.
    • Different map projections cause different distortions.
    • One way to classify map projections is to describe them by the characteristic they do not distort.
  • Constituency

    • Looking at the maps of congressional districts it is obvious that some districts are far from uniform.
    • The more complicated shapes on the map might be a result of gerrymandering.
    • This practice is when members will use their influence in Congress to gain support for local projects such as new lucrative construction projects.
    • This map shows the boundaries for the U.S.
  • Learning Styles

    • A group of four city planners in Boston is working on a project to improve the methods of repairing streets.
    • The final stage of their project is to determine how to educate the city's employees on these improvements.
    • Jessica believes that showing maps of where the various sidewalks in various states of decay would be helpful.
  • Conclusion: Implications for Teaching and Learning

    • Two recommended concept mapping tools are Inspiration (http://www.inspiration.com/) and IHMC Concept Mapping Software or C-Map (http://cmap.coginst.uwf.edu/).
    • Concept maps created in C-Map can be shared across a network.
    • Sample concept maps and background information about concept mapping are available at the C-Map web site.
    • The curriculum projects are designed to meet standards for grades 5-12.
    • Teachers may explore new projects and grade students' work on the Web.
  • Planning a Project

    • Planning and design: Planning and design brings the project under the microscope by assessing the smaller details.
    • This stage is the most strategic in nature, mapping out the business processes in sufficient detail to effectively accomplish the required objectives.
    • Closing: The project-management cycle ends with the determination that the project no longer captures value and should be harvested or divested.
    • Therefore, the project cycle is closed.
    • This step-by-step process highlights each feasible stage in the project-management cycle.
  • Motor Areas

    • The majority of neurons in the motor cortex project to the spinal cord synapse on interneuron circuitry in the spinal cord.
    • Various experiments examining the motor cortex map showed that each point in motor cortex influences a range of muscles and joints, indicating significant overlapping in the map.
  • Basic Map Types

    • Below are some of the most frequently used kinds of thematic maps.
    • Dot maps use dots to show comparative densities of features over a base map.
    • As do dot maps, graduated symbol maps use symbols that occur at points across a map.
    • Choropleth maps are the most common and easily recognized of the thematic maps.
    • Like graduated symbol maps, choropleth maps can be proportional or range-graded variations.
  • Physical Maps and Integration with Genetic Maps

    • Physical maps display the physical distance between genes and can be constructed using cytogenetic, radiation hybrid, or sequence mapping.
    • There are three methods used to create a physical map: cytogenetic mapping, radiation hybrid mapping, and sequence mapping.
    • Sequence mapping resulted from DNA sequencing technology that allowed for the creation of detailed physical maps with distances measured in terms of the number of base pairs.
    • Genetic maps provide the outline and physical maps provide the details.
    • Describe the methods used to physically map genes: cytogenetic mapping, radiation hybrid mapping, and sequence mapping
  • Distortions of Space and Foreshortening

    • Perspective projection distortion is the inevitable misrepresentation of three-dimensional space when drawn or "projected" onto a two-dimensional surface.
    • The most common of these is perspective projection.
    • In photography, the projection mechanism is light reflected from an object.
    • The apparent effect is that of an image which has been mapped around a sphere (or barrel).
    • Fisheye lenses, which take hemispherical views, utilize this type of distortion as a way to map an infinitely wide object plane into a finite image area.
  • Perceptual Mapping

    • Perceptual maps commonly have two dimensions even though they are capable of having several.
    • Many perceptual maps also display consumers' ideal points.
    • Perceptual maps need not come from a detailed study.
    • There are also intuitive maps (also called judgmental maps or consensus maps) that are created by marketers based on their understanding of their industry.
    • A combination map allows companies to find a space that has unmet consumer desires.
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