Examples of stochastic in the following topics:
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- Asset prices are also modeled using optimization theory, though the underlying mathematics relies on optimizing stochastic processes rather than on static optimization.
- Operations research also uses stochastic modeling and simulation to support improved decision-making.
- Increasingly, operations research uses stochastic programming to model dynamic decisions that adapt to events; such problems can be solved with large-scale optimization and stochastic optimization methods.
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- Non-deterministic, or stochastic, systems can be studied using a different kind of mathematics, such as stochastic calculus.